Exam (elaborations)
Chapter 16. Genetics and Genomics in Professional Nursing
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- West Virginia School Of Osteopathic Medicine
Chapter 16. Genetics and Genomics in Professional Nursing
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Chapter 16: Genetics and Genomics in Professional NursingMULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The nurse studying genomics explains to another nurse that the era between the 1950s and
1980s was notable for
a. creation of medications tailored to genetics.
b. developing tests for some genetic conditions.
c. passage of a genetic nondiscrimination act.
d. the complete mapping of the human genome.
ANS: B
Genetic testing for specific conditions such as Down syndrome was developed because of
research findings from the period between the 1950s and 1980s. Newborn screening for some
genetic conditions was developed during that time frame as well.
The creation of medications tailored to a specific patient’s genomic profile is a very recent
development.
The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) was passed in 2008.
The human genome was completely mapped and sequenced in 2003.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand REF: 294
TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
2. A young adult patient whose family history contains many first- and second-degree relatives
who have had colon cancer wants to know if yearly colonoscopies would be a good idea. The
best response by the nurse would be to encourage the patient to
a. ask the physician about the colonoscopies.
b. not worry because risks are low at his or her age.
c. search for a company to provide screening.
d. talk to the doctor about genetic screening.
ANS: D
The patient and physician can go over the patient’s history, family history, and benefits and
drawbacks to screening. This also keeps the health care provider in the communication loop
with the patient and the results.
The patient could ask the physician about doing yearly colonoscopies, but this invasive
procedure carries risks. The best answer would be to inquire about genetic screening.
Although colon cancer does occur more often in older patients, this patient’s family history
puts him or her in a high-risk group and that needs to be addressed.
Some companies do provide private genetic screening, but this approach can lead to
misunderstanding and confusion. It would be better for the patient to have genetic screening
guided by the health care professionals who know the patient.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply
TOP: Integrated Process: Communication and Documentation
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
3. The nurse knows that the science of all the genes in the human genome, along with their
interactions with each other, the environment, and other influences, is known as the study of
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, a. genes.
b. genetics.
c. genomics.
d. inheritance.
ANS: C
Genomics is the study of all a person’s genes in interaction with each other, the environment,
and many other factors.
A gene is a functional unit of heredity passed from parent to offspring.
Genetics is a term that refers to the study of genes and their role in inheritance.
Inheritance is the way genes and traits are passed from parents to children.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: 295 | Box 16-1
TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
4. A nurse is seeing a patient for a wellness checkup and collects data on the patient’s family
history of medical problems. The nurse would evaluate that goals for related teaching have
been met when the patient states,
a. “Exercise is important for me because I lead such a sedentary lifestyle already.”
b. “I have a family history of heart disease, so I must make heart-healthy choices.”
c. “I know now that my mother’s breast cancer does not really impact me.”
d. “The chances of developing a disease are not greater if a relative has had it.”
ANS: B
Teaching goals have been met when the patient states an understanding that having relatives
with heart disease increases his or her own risk of developing heart disease and so should take
precautions to avoid it.
Exercise is important for everyone, especially those who are sedentary, but this is not related
to the information found in the family history.
Having relatives with specific diseases, particularly if they are first-degree relatives, greatly
increases one’s chance of developing the diseases.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Evaluate TOP: Nursing Process: Evaluation
MSC: NCLEX Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
5. A patient comes to the clinic and is worried about developing a neurological condition seen in
the patient’s mother and aunt. The best action by the nurse is to
a. conduct a thorough neurological examination on the patient.
b. develop a multigenerational family health history (pedigree).
c. have the patient voice these concerns to the physician.
d. refer the patient to a genetic counselor immediately.
ANS: B
The nurse should work with the patient to develop a multigenerational family health history,
known as a family pedigree, so that the patient can present this information to the physician
and have a better understanding of how this neurological disorder has impacted the patient’s
family.
Because the patient is not complaining of any neurological symptoms, conducting a thorough
neurological examination would not be the best action by the nurse.
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