Class notes
Gene Regulation Notes
- Course
- Institution
PDF file containing notes from Gene Regulation lesson for A-level Biology
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
ricebucket
Content preview
🍮Gene Regulation
Created @January 20, 2025 4:46 PM
Class Cells to Systems
Cells are able to change gene expression
Skin cell can be manipulated, transitioning into a tadpole. Genomes can be
reprogrammed according to motives. Gene expression must be controlled and
regulated, but other genes can be unexpressed entirely
Factors in Controlling Cellular Protein Quantity/ Activity
Amount of primary RNA transcript made (Full control over everything else
that follows)
Pre-mRNA processing into mRNA
Degradation rate of mRNA (How much mRNA is present)
Protein quantity produced from mRNA
Protein activity being altered
How efficient a protein is at going to a specific location
Degradation rate of protein
Constitutive Genes
Essential part in cells
Performs housekeeping function, constantly expressed
Gene is always active
Gene Regulation 1
, Inducible (Are not always expressed) and Repressible Genes
Required for cell growth under distinctive environmental conditions
Gene product synthesis that’s controlled by regulatory mechanisms
Conserved regions- Areas that are unchanged
TTGACA/TATAAT- Highly conserved areas
UP element assists in recognition of the polymerase
Regulation at Transcription Initiation
(+/-) Encourages interaction of RNA polymerase
(-) Hinders/ controls access of RNA Polymerase to promoter
(+) Activators used to enhance polymerase- promoter activity
Main Mechanisms in Regulating Transcription in Bacteria
Use of different sigma factors in RNA polymerase
Sigma 70/ sigma 32 (Sigma factor)
Recognises different promoter classes
Allows for different gene set coordinated expression
Binding Transcription Factors (Other Proteins) to Promoters
Recognises promoters of certain genes
Accessory proteins
Positive or negative influence
Able to bind small signalling molecules
Gene Regulation 2
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller ricebucket. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $7.57. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
64450 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 15 years now