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Organic Chemistry Notes
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PDF containing notes for Organic Chemistry at A-level
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🏈Organic Chem
Created @January 20, 2025 7:20 PM
Class Pharmaceutical Chemistry
Ions contain more electrons/ electrons as they are charged
1 atomic mass= 1.67 x 10 (-27) kg/ 1 Dalton
Isotopes
Same element containing a different amount of neutrons
Ionic Bonding
Bond between metals and non-metals, some electrostatic attractions present
Cation-
Positively charged ions/ metals losing electrons
Anion
Negatively charged ion/ non metals gaining electrons
Functional Group:
Meth1 carbon
Eth2 carbons
Prop3 carbons
But4 carbons
Pent5 carbons
Hex6 carbons
Organic Chem 1
, Number the carbons in the longest carbon chain or pick the one with most side
chains. SPOT THE FUNCTIONAL GROUP
Functional Groups Can Affect
Acid/base propertiese ionisation state
Water and lipid solubility
Stereochemistry e.g stereoisomerism, 3D structures
All of the above can affect absorption/ distribution, metabolism and
excretion
Toxicity can also be generated
Isomers
Substances containing the same molecular formular but atoms are re-
arranged
Chain Isomers
Different arrangements of carbons
Positional Isomers
Same carbon skeleton and contains the same number of atoms, but the
carbons are attached to a different atom
Functional Groups
Atoms are arranged into different functional groups
Stereoisomers
Carbon atoms are double bonded and unable to rotate, some s. isomers have
restricted rotation (e/z isomerism)
E/Z Isomerism:
E- isomer
Same groups placed across the double bond
Z-Isomers
Organic Chem 2
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