where does the spinal cord end in an adult ✔✔ L1-L2
what is inferior to the end of the spinal cord ✔✔ cauda equina
how many spinal nerves for each section ✔✔ 8 cranial, 12 thoracic, 5
lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coxxygeal
why are the spinal nerves mixed nerves? ✔✔ because they contain both
motor and sensory
4 parts of gray matter ✔✔ anterior horns, posterior horns, lateral horns,
gray commisure
what in the gray matter contains the motor nuclei? ✔✔ anterior horns
what in the gray matter contains the sensory synapses? ✔✔ posterior
horns
, Q&A
what in the gray matter contains the autonomic nuclei? ✔✔ lateral horns
what in the gray matter surrounds the central canal? ✔✔ gray
commissure
what is external to the gray matter ✔✔ white matter
white mater is subdivided into 3 pairs of ✔✔ columns of funiculus
individual tracts conduct either sensory signals from ________ or motor
signal to ________ ✔✔ receptors: sensory
effectors: motor
most pathways _______ from one side of the body to another at some
point as it travels ✔✔ decussate (cross over)
referes to a relationship on the opposite side ✔✔ contralateral
means the same side ✔✔ ispilateral
has to travel up to the CNS ✔✔ afferent
process sensory information from skin, muscle, joints ✔✔ somatosensory
pathways
, Q&A
process stimuli from the viscera ✔✔ viscerosensory pathways
Afferent sensory pathways ✔✔ first order neuron, second order neuron,
third order neuron
which neuron does the dendrites of sensory neuron are part of receptor
that defects stimulus cell body resides in DRG ✔✔ first order neuron
which neuron does it use interneurons and projects to thalamus ✔✔
second order neuron
which neuron does it use the interneuron begin in thalamus and ends in
parietal lobe of cerebrum ✔✔ third order neuron
carries motor information down the brainstem and spinal cord ✔✔ motor
pathways- descending tracts
function of Upper motor neuron ✔✔ excite or inhibitory activity of LMN
cell body in cerebral cortex or brain stem ✔✔ Upper motor neuron
cell body in anterior horn of spinal cord or nucleus of cranial nerve ✔✔
lower motor neuron
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