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Sumario Tema 4 - Comportamiento mecánico de las discontinuidades
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1. Comportamiento de las discontinuidades 2. Propiedades mecánicas de las discontinuidades
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MECÁNICA DE ROCAS TEMA 4TEMA 4
COMPORTAMIENTO MECÁNICO
DE LAS DISCONTINUIDADES
4.1 – COMPORTAMIENTO DE LAS DISCONTINUIDADES
Las discontinuidades marcan el comportamiento de los macizos rocosos, por ello es fundamental cono-
cer cómo se comportan.
RESISTENCIA AL CORTE:
Es el aspecto principal que condiciona el comportamiento de una discontinuidad.
Los factores principales que intervienen en una discontinuidad frente a un esfuerzo cortante son:
- Tensiones normales al plano de corte.
- Rugosidad.
- Grado de alteración.
- Resistencia de los labios.
- Espesor y tipo de relleno.
- Circulación de agua y grado de saturación del relleno.
- Orientación del desplazamiento de corte.
- Velocidad del movimiento cortante.
- Amplitud del desplazamiento de corte.
- Existencia de desplazamientos cortantes previos.
DISCONTINUIDADES LISAS:
τp: Resistencia al corte de pico.
τr: Resistencia al corte residual.
τp = cp + σn · tg ϕp cp: Cohesión de pico.
Rectas →
τr = σn · tg ϕr σn: Tensión normal.
Φp: Ángulo de fricción de pico.
Inclinadas → τ = σn · tg (ϕ + i) Φr: Ángulo de fricción residual.
Φ: Ángulo de fricción.
i: Inclinación de la discontinuidad.
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