100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Volledige samenvatting Verloskunde - KUL $17.26
Add to cart

Summary

Volledige samenvatting Verloskunde - KUL

 0 purchase
  • Course
  • Institution

Volledige en gedetailleerde samenvatting van het boek verloskunde door professor Van Calsteren Kristel, met vaak wat extra uitleg of context (zodat het makkelijker te begrijpen valt), wat zeker handig is gezien het onderdeel Verloskunde van het vak Verloskunde-Gynaecologie volledig zelfstudie is. V...

[Show more]

Preview 10 out of 242  pages

  • January 25, 2025
  • 242
  • 2023/2024
  • Summary
avatar-seller
INHOUDSOPGAVE

Module 1 – verloskunde anno 2024 ................................................................................................................ 6

Inleiding ............................................................................................................................................................... 6
Maternale en perinatale mortaliteit en morbiditeit ............................................................................................ 7
Maternale mortaliteit en morbiditeit .............................................................................................................. 7
Perinatale mortaliteit ...................................................................................................................................... 8
Terminologie........................................................................................................................................................ 9

Module 2 – zwangerschapsfysiologie en klinische implicaties ....................................................................... 10

De menstruele cyclus ......................................................................................................................................... 10
Thv het ovarium ............................................................................................................................................ 10
Thv het endometrium ................................................................................................................................... 11
De gametogenese .............................................................................................................................................. 12
De bevruchting .................................................................................................................................................. 12
De innesteling: implantatie – nidatie ................................................................................................................ 13

De placenta ....................................................................................................................................................... 15
Ontwikkeling.................................................................................................................................................. 15
Vorm .............................................................................................................................................................. 18
Placentaire functies ....................................................................................................................................... 19
De navelstreng................................................................................................................................................... 23
De vruchtzak ...................................................................................................................................................... 24
Vliezen ........................................................................................................................................................... 24
Amniosvocht.................................................................................................................................................. 24

De foetus ........................................................................................................................................................... 25
Algemene ontwikkeling ................................................................................................................................. 25
Foetale groei.................................................................................................................................................. 26
Orgaanspecifieke ontwikkeling ..................................................................................................................... 27

De zwangere vrouw ........................................................................................................................................... 30
De voortplantingsorganen............................................................................................................................. 30
Cardiovasculair systeem ................................................................................................................................ 32
Longen en ademhaling .................................................................................................................................. 34
Nieren en urinewegen ................................................................................................................................... 35
Hematologische veranderingen .................................................................................................................... 36
Spijsvertering ................................................................................................................................................. 37
Immuunsysteem ............................................................................................................................................ 39
Musculoskeletaal stelsel................................................................................................................................ 40
Huid ............................................................................................................................................................... 41
Het endocriene en metabool systeem .......................................................................................................... 43
Gewicht ......................................................................................................................................................... 47
Borstveranderingen ....................................................................................................................................... 47
Psychologische veranderingen ...................................................................................................................... 48

Module 3 – prenatale zorg ............................................................................................................................ 49


1

, Preconceptioneel consult................................................................................................................................... 49
Risico-identificatie ......................................................................................................................................... 50
Preconceptioneel advies ............................................................................................................................... 53
Diagnose van zwangerschap en bepaling vd zwangerschapsduur .................................................................... 56
Anamnese ...................................................................................................................................................... 56
Lichamelijk onderzoek ................................................................................................................................... 56
Biochemisch onderzoek ................................................................................................................................ 58
Echografisch onderzoek ................................................................................................................................ 59
Vaststellen vd zwangerschapsduur ............................................................................................................... 59
Opvolging vd zwangerschap.............................................................................................................................. 60
Klinisch opvolgpad ......................................................................................................................................... 60
Leven als een zwangere................................................................................................................................. 75
Bijkomende begeleiding ................................................................................................................................ 78
Medicatie en straling tijdens zwangerschap ................................................................................................. 79

Module 4 – meerlingzwangerschappen ......................................................................................................... 82

Definitie en voorkomen ..................................................................................................................................... 82
Diagnose ............................................................................................................................................................ 88

Verwikkelingen .................................................................................................................................................. 88
Maternale verwikkelingen ............................................................................................................................. 88
Foetale verwikkelingen.................................................................................................................................. 89
Opvolging van een tweelingszwangerschap ..................................................................................................... 97
Meerlingen van hogere orde ............................................................................................................................. 98

Module 5 – zwangerschapscomplicaties........................................................................................................ 99

Hyperemesis gravidarum................................................................................................................................... 99
Bloedingen id zwangerschap ........................................................................................................................... 101
1e trimester.................................................................................................................................................. 101
2e en 3e trimester ........................................................................................................................................ 101
Afwijkingen vd foetale groei en vruchtwater .................................................................................................. 109
IUGR ............................................................................................................................................................ 109
Macrosomie................................................................................................................................................. 114
Oligohydramnion ......................................................................................................................................... 115
Polyhydramnion .......................................................................................................................................... 116

Abnormale duur vd zwangerschap .................................................................................................................. 118
Preterme geboorte ...................................................................................................................................... 118
Postmaturiteit ............................................................................................................................................. 124
Hypertensie en zwangerschap ......................................................................................................................... 125
Voorkomen en onstaansmechanisme ......................................................................................................... 126
Diagnose ...................................................................................................................................................... 131
Behandeling ................................................................................................................................................. 132
Uitkomst ...................................................................................................................................................... 135
Preventie ..................................................................................................................................................... 135
Zwangerschapsdermatosen ............................................................................................................................ 136



2

, Atopic eruption of pregnancy (AEP) ............................................................................................................ 136
Polymorfe eruption of pregnancy (PEP) ...................................................................................................... 137
Pemphigoid gestationes .............................................................................................................................. 137
Zwangerschapsgeïnduceerde leveraandoeningen .......................................................................................... 138
Zwangerschapscholestase ........................................................................................................................... 138
Acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP) .......................................................................................................... 141
HELLP ........................................................................................................................................................... 142
Congenitale afwijkingen .................................................................................................................................. 143
Structurele afwijkingen ............................................................................................................................... 143
Bloedgroep-incompatibiliteit ...................................................................................................................... 143
Foetale & neonatale alloimmuun thrombocytopenie (FNAIT) .................................................................... 150
Congenitale infecties ................................................................................................................................... 151
Mors in utero............................................................................................................................................... 161

Module 6 – de normale arbeid en bevalling ................................................................................................ 163
De initiatie vd arbeid ....................................................................................................................................... 163

Het baringsproces............................................................................................................................................ 164
Krachten ...................................................................................................................................................... 164
Kanaal .......................................................................................................................................................... 167
Kind.............................................................................................................................................................. 177
Verloop van baring in hoofdligging ................................................................................................................. 183
Eerste fase - ontsluiting ............................................................................................................................... 185
Tweede fase - uitdrijving ............................................................................................................................. 186
Derde fase - nageboorte.............................................................................................................................. 192
Vierde fase – postplacentair tijdperk .......................................................................................................... 193
Begeleiding van een vrouw in arbeid............................................................................................................... 193

Pijn tijdens arbeid en bevalling ........................................................................................................................ 193

Module 7 – baringscomplicaties .................................................................................................................. 195
Langdurige ontsluiting..................................................................................................................................... 195
Langdurige uitdrijving ..................................................................................................................................... 196
Liggings- en houdingsafwijkingen vd foetus.................................................................................................... 197
Foetale nood .................................................................................................................................................... 201
Schoudersdystocie ........................................................................................................................................... 202

Navelstrengprolaps ......................................................................................................................................... 204
Uterusruptuur .................................................................................................................................................. 205
Vruchtwaterembolie ........................................................................................................................................ 205
Verloskundige interventies .............................................................................................................................. 206
Inleiden vd arbeid ........................................................................................................................................ 206
Episiotomie .................................................................................................................................................. 207
Vaginale kunstverlossing ............................................................................................................................. 208
Sectio caesarea ................................................................................................................................................ 209



3

, Nageboorteproblemen .................................................................................................................................... 210
Placentaretentie .......................................................................................................................................... 210
Uterusinversie.................................................................................................................................................. 211
Postpartumbloeding ........................................................................................................................................ 211
Peripartuminfecties ......................................................................................................................................... 215
Chorioamnionitis ......................................................................................................................................... 215
Verticale transmissie van virus/bacterie ..................................................................................................... 216

module 8 – postpartum .............................................................................................................................. 221
De normale postpartum periode ..................................................................................................................... 221
Genitale tractus ........................................................................................................................................... 221
Borsten en lactatie ...................................................................................................................................... 222
Nieren en urinewegen ................................................................................................................................. 222
Maagdarmstelsel ......................................................................................................................................... 222
Cardiovasculair en hematologische veranderingen .................................................................................... 222
Huid ............................................................................................................................................................. 223
Bewegingsstelsel ......................................................................................................................................... 223
Metabolisme en vochtbalans ...................................................................................................................... 223
Psychische aanpassingen............................................................................................................................. 223
Normale zorg tijdens de postpartumperiode .............................................................................................. 223
Pathologie tijdens het postpartum .................................................................................................................. 224
Koorts-infectie ............................................................................................................................................. 224
Aandoeningen van de urinewegen.............................................................................................................. 224
Trombose .................................................................................................................................................... 225
Psychische stoornissen ................................................................................................................................ 225

Module 9 - zwangerschap bij vrouwen met onderliggende medische aandoeningen ................................... 227

Hartziekten ...................................................................................................................................................... 227
Invloed van zwangerschap op hartziekten .................................................................................................. 227
Invloed vd hartziekte op de zwangerschap ................................................................................................. 229
Zwangerschapsbegeleiding ......................................................................................................................... 229
Trombo-embolieën .......................................................................................................................................... 230
Gynaecologische aandoeningen ...................................................................................................................... 232
Uteriene myomen ....................................................................................................................................... 232
Ovariumcysten ............................................................................................................................................ 233
Congenitale uterusafwjikingen .................................................................................................................... 233
Uteriene positie afwijkingen ....................................................................................................................... 234
Nier- en urinewegaandoeningen ..................................................................................................................... 235
Urinaire infecties ......................................................................................................................................... 235
Chronische nierinsufficiëntie ....................................................................................................................... 237

Neurologische aandoeningen .......................................................................................................................... 238
Migraine ...................................................................................................................................................... 238
Epilepsie ...................................................................................................................................................... 238
Maagdarmaandoeningen................................................................................................................................ 239
Inflammatoire darmaandoeningen ............................................................................................................. 239



4

, Zwangerschap na bariatrie .......................................................................................................................... 240

Zwangerschap bij psychiatrische ziekte........................................................................................................... 240

Module 10 – praktische vaardigheden en toepassingen .............................................................................. 242




5

,MODULE 1 – VERLOSKUNDE ANNO 2024

INLEIDING

Verloskunde = kunde, leer en wetenschap die zich bezighoudt met zwangerschap, bevalling en geboorte


Bij normaal verlopende zwangerschappen à als zorgverlener vooral de kunst om niet te interveniëren, maar
wel problemen op tijd op te merken, en nog liever anticiperen en voorkomen


Zwangerschap = ultieme stress-test vr de vrouw
Zeker tegenwoordig omdat:
- De zwangere populatie iets ouder wordt
- De zwangere populatie hun algemene fysieke conditie ↓
o Meer obesitas
o Meer comorbiditeiten
o Meer medicatiegebruik


Verschillende subdisciplines binnenin gynaecologie-verloskunde:
- Benigne gynaecologie
- Fertiliteit
- Gynaecologische oncologie
- Verloskunde
o Laagrisico verloskunde* (houdt in een ongecompliceerde zwangerschap en bevalling in)
o Hoogrisico verloskunde**


*of een zwangerschap laagrisico is, weet je dus pas achterna
**hoogrisico zwangerschappen = zwangerschappen met een verhoogd risico op OF met:
- Obstetrische complicaties
o Zwangerschapsdiabetes
o Groeirestrictie
o Placenta previa (laagliggende placenta)
o Pre-eclampsie
o Complicaties tijdens de bevalling (bloeding, schouderdystocie…)


- Prenatale diagnostiek en foetale therapie
- Vrouwen met onderliggende medische aandoeningen




6

,MATERNALE EN PERINATALE MORTALITEIT EN MORBIDITEIT


MATERNALE MORTALITEIT EN MORBIDITEIT

Maternale mortaliteit = de dood van een vrouw, terwijl zwanger of binnen de 42 dagen na het einde vd
zwangerschap tgv directe en indirecte oorzaken


- Directe sterfte = het gevolg van complicaties van:
o Zwangerschap
o Bevalling en kraambed
o Interventies
o Onjuiste behandeling
o Reeks gebeurtenissen die voortvloeien uit complicaties (trombose, bloeding, infectie/sepsis,
hypertensie/pre-eclampsie, vruchtwaterembolie, zelfmoord, geobstruceerde arbeid, extra-
uteriene zwangerschap, onveilige abortus…)


- Indirecte sterfte = het gevolg van een voorafbestaande ziekte of een ziekte die zich tijdens de
zwangerschap heeft ontwikkeld en die door zwangerschap(sfysiologie) dermate ernstig is geworden
dat ze tot het overlijden heeft geleid
o Hartziekte
o Epilepsie
o HIV/AIDS, malaria, influenza
o Kanker
o Diabetes
o …


- Toevallige sterfte = indien de zwangerschap geen invloed had op het sterven



Maternale mortaliteitsratio (MMR) = # vrouwen dat overlijdt (direct/indirect) tgv zwangerschap, bevalling of
kraambed per 100 000 levend geboren kinderen


Sterke ongelijke geografische distributie vd MMR:
- Wereldwijd: 211 per 100 000 levend geboren kinderen
- Ontwikkelingslanden: 426 per 100 000 levend geboren kinderen
- Welvarende landen: 11 per 100 000 levend geboren kinderen




7

, !e mortaliteitsoorzaken Europa !e mortaliteitsoorzaken wereldwijd


- Voorafbestaand cardiaal lijden - Verloskundige bloeding (27%)
- Trombo-embolische complicaties - Hypertensie/pre-eclampsie
- Psychiatrische aandoeningen - Sepsis
- Sepsis - Abortus
- Neurologische aandoeningen - Trombose
- Postpartumbloeding - Andere directe oorzaken
- Pre-eclampsie - Indirecte oorzaken (28%)
- Vruchtwaterembool
- Kanker



!e morbiditeitsoorzaken wereldwijd:
- Bloedings-gerelateerde complicaties
- Hypertensieve complicaties
- Postpartum depressie
- PID en sepsis
- Fistels, perineumruptuur en uterusprolaps
- Infertiliteit



PERINATALE MORTALITEIT

Perinatale mortaliteit = de soms vd antenatale sterfen (na 22 weken of > 500 gram) en de vroege neonatale
sterften (1e levensweek) per 1000 geboorten


Prevalentie:
- In welvarende landen: 5-10 per 1000 geboorten
- Bij éénlingen: 6,7 per 1000 geboorten
- Bij meerlingen: 24,7 per 1000 geboorten


Oorzaken:
- Immaturiteit
- Prematuriteit
- Congenitale afwijkingen
- Infectie/sepsis
- Navelstrengaccident
- Intrapartum asfyxie (= O2 tekort tijdens de bevalling) of trauma
- Abruptio placentae
- IUGR
- (Zwangerschapsafbrekingen)




8

,TERMINOLOGIE

Zie p5 tem 7




9

, MODULE 2 – ZWANGERSCHAPSFYSIOLOGIE EN KLINISCHE IMPLICATIES

1. Oogenese: haploïde eicellen worden gemaakt id ovaria
2. Bevruchting thv de eileiders
3. Implanting en ontwikkeling thv vh embryo uterus



DE MENSTRUELE CYCLUS




THV HET OVARIUM




10

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller KULGNKstud. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $17.26. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

69605 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 15 years now

Start selling
$17.26
  • (0)
Add to cart
Added