Summary
Samenvatting TB jaar 2 genetica overzicht blok 2
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Dit is een overzicht van de hoorcollege stof van het tweede jaar TB van het vak Genetica wat in blok 2 gegeven wordt.
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Overzicht GeneticaBlok 2, Semester 1, Jaar 2, Toegepaste Biologie
Milou Nabuurs
Let op! Dit is enkel een overzicht van mijn hoorcollege aantekeningen, ik kan niet garanderen dat het volledig compleet is, enkel dat ik denk dat dit alles is. Feedback is fijn :)
De dikgedrukte begrippen staan in de begrippenlijst
Leerdoelen
De student kan…. Niveau
Mendel’s wetten van erfelijkheid toepassen op overervingsvraagstukken. Toepassen
De verschillende overervingspatronen in genetische data .... Herkennen
Kansberekeningen en statistische toetsen over de analyse van genetische data ... Analyseren
De Chi-kwadraattoets toepassen om de waarnemingen te toetsen. Toepassen
Motiveren wanneer en waarom verschillende typen kruisingen gebruikt worden. Evalueren
Uitleggen hoe complexe overlevingsmechanismen werken. Reproductie
De verschillende vormen van epistatische interacties herkennen en toepassen. Toepassen
Voorspellen wat de verwachte uitkomsten van kruisingen zijn. Evalueren
Genetische data analyseren, concluderen hoe een eigenschap overerft. Analyseren
Stambomen analyseren, concluderen op welke manier een eigenschap overerft. Analyseren
Stambomen analyseren, verwachte uitkomst kruising voorspellen. Analyseren
Na kruising concluderen of eigenschappen gekoppeld overerven. Analyseren
Verklaren hoe crossing-over leidt tot recombinatie. Reproductie
Met recombinatiefrequenties een eenvoudige genetische kaart te maken, 3eig. Toepassen
Genetische kaart gebruiken om recombinatiefrequenties uit te rekenen. Toepassen
Op basis van genotypefrequenties de allelfrequenties uitrekenen. Reproductie
Bepalen of er sprake is van Hardy-Weinberg evenwicht. Toepassen
Effect verschillende selectievormen op allelfrequentie van een populatie bepalen. Inzicht
Uitleggen hoe verschillende processen zorgen voor evolutie. Reproductie
De gevolgen van evolutie op fenotype-, genotype- en allelfrequenties uitleggen. Reproductie
Uitleggen hoe de verschillende types isolatie leiden tot soortvorming. Reproductie
De rol van polyploïdiseren en hybridisatie in evolutie uitleggen. Reproductie
, Inhoudsopgave
Leerdoelen ................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
Hoorcollege 1 – Mendels genetica............................................................................................................................................3
Populatie individu ............................................................................................................................................................3
Mendel’s genetica .............................................................................................................................................................3
Testkruising ......................................................................................................................................................................3
Incomplete dominantie ...................................................................................................................................................3
Chi-kwadraat test .............................................................................................................................................................3
Pleiotrophy........................................................................................................................................................................3
Bloedgroepen (bij de mens) ............................................................................................................................................3
Dominantieverhoudingen .............................................................................................................................................. 4
Co-dominantie ............................................................................................................................................................ 4
Sub-dominantie........................................................................................................................................................... 4
Overdominantie .......................................................................................................................................................... 4
Lethale genen/allelen ................................................................................................................................................. 4
Geslachtsbepaling............................................................................................................................................................ 4
Onderzoek naar overerving ............................................................................................................................................ 4
Hoorcollege 2 – Genetica met 2 genen ................................................................................................................................... 5
Onafhankelijke overerving ............................................................................................................................................. 5
Koppeling/linkage ........................................................................................................................................................... 5
Mapping/genenkaarten .................................................................................................................................................. 5
Epistasie............................................................................................................................................................................ 5
Dominante epistasie ................................................................................................................................................... 6
Recessieve epistasie..................................................................................................................................................... 6
Wederkerige dominante epistasie ............................................................................................................................. 6
Wederkerige recessieve epistasie .............................................................................................................................. 6
Gemengde epistasie .................................................................................................................................................... 6
Afwijkingen van 9:3:3:1 .................................................................................................................................................... 6
Kwantitatieve genetica .................................................................................................................................................... 6
Hoorcollege 3 – Populatie genetica ........................................................................................................................................ 7
Erfelijkheidsgraad (h2) .................................................................................................................................................... 7
Fenotypische plasticiteit ................................................................................................................................................. 7
Epigenetica ....................................................................................................................................................................... 7
Berekenen van allelfrequenties: ..................................................................................................................................... 7
Hardy-Weinberg evenwicht ........................................................................................................................................... 7
Hoorcollege 4 – Evolutie ......................................................................................................................................................... 8
Evolutie............................................................................................................................................................................. 8
Natuurlijke selectie ......................................................................................................................................................... 8
Van populatie naar nieuwe soort ................................................................................................................................... 8
Reduces hybrid fertility................................................................................................................................................... 8
Soortvorming ................................................................................................................................................................... 8
Polyploïdie ....................................................................................................................................................................... 8
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