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Pharmacology NR 293 exam 1 with correct answers

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Pharmacology NR 293 exam 1 with correct answers

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  • January 25, 2025
  • 26
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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Pharmacology NR 293 exam 1 with correct
answers

Pharmacotherapeutics - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔is the use of medications to
prevent illnesses or as an intervention to treat diseases.



Pharmacokinetics - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔what the body does to a medication
and entails four very important processes: absorption, distribution, metabolism, and
excretion of the drug



Pharmacodynamics - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔explores what the drug does to the
body.



The nursing process - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔evidence-based framework that is
used to guide professional nursing practice. The nursing process consists of five
steps: assessment, nursing diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation.
Critical decision making underscores the nursing process in action. The nurse
collects both subjective and objective information in utilizing the steps of the nursing
process. The nurse addresses the multifaceted concerns of the patient, including
physiological, psychological, spiritual, cultural, and socioeconomic needs.



Drug interactions - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔can occur at any time.

The reasons that clients may experience drug interactions include

polypharmacy: the simultaneous use multiple drugs;

patient's lack of knowledge of medication instructions; and

interactions that may occur when taking over-the-counter and herbal supplements.

,Strategies to Prevent Drug Interactions - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔The patient
should understand the reason for taking the medication, instructions for how to take
the medication, and how long he or she should take the medication.

Encourage the patient to keep a current list of medications and bring it to each
physician appointment.

Educate the patient about interactions with food and other medications that may
increase or decrease efficacy.

Support the patient in asking his or her healthcare provider and pharmacist to verify
his or her medication list, and if supplements or herbal therapies interact.

Have the patient return to demonstrate patient teaching regarding how to take the
medications.

Designate friends or family members to assist patients with medication
administration when the patient has vision or memory problems.

Incorporate the use of a pillbox, calendar, or storage containers with labels to assist
with organizing medications.

Discard old or expired medications.



Pharmacological responses - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔the physiological reactions
that occur within the body. These medication-body reactions may be therapeutic or
toxic.



Administration Routes - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔There are two general types of
drug administration routes—enteral (via the GI tract) and parenteral (by injection).

Common routes include oral (PO), intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and
subcutaneous (SQ).



intravenous (IV) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Advantages:

Complete absorption

, 100% bioavailability

Precise control of dosing

Quick dilution of irritating drugs

Disadvantages:

Irreversible administration

Drug concentration, formulation, and rate of injection sensitivity

Risks of overloading body fluid volume, infection, and embolism



intramuscular (IM) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Advantages:

The use of poorly water-soluble drugs

The use for depot drug formulation (e.g., Penicillin G)

Disadvantages:

Discomfort and inconvenience

Local tissue injury caused by chronic administration

Risk of nerve damage because of improper injection

Moderate to low bioavailability



subcutaneous (SQ) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Advantages:

The use of poorly water-soluble drugs

The use for depot drug formulation

Disadvantages:

Discomfort and inconvenience

Local tissue injury caused by chronic administration

Risk of nerve damage because of improper injection

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