Portage Learning AP1 Final Exam 2025

define the movement involved in elevation and depression - elevation - upward movement of a structure depression - downward movement of a structure define the body movement involved in retraction and protraction - retraction: movement of a structure to be drawn in the posterior direction (drawn backwards) proraction: movement of a structure to be drawn in the anterior direction (drawn forward) Name the anatomical pair of terms that best describe the direcons of the red arrows in the figure below. (Note that two responses are needed for full credit) - anterior posterior Name the anatomical pair of terms that best describe the directions of the red arrows in the figure below - Determine whether each of the following statements is true or false. 1.) The thoracic cavity contains the lungs and stomach. 2.) The abdominal cavity houses the spleen and liver. - 1. false 2. true Determine whether each of the following statements is true or false. 1) The ventral cavity primarily protects the nervous system organs 2) The dorsal cavity primarily protects the nervous system organs - false Determine whether each of the following statements is true or false. 1) The abdominal cavity houses the spleen and bladder. 2) The cranial cavity houses the brain and spinal cord. - false false name the planes of the body shown in figures A and B below - Each of the following statements is true of prokaryotic cells, except Prokaryotic cells are typically smaller than eukaryotic cells. DNA of a prokaryotic cell is enclosed in a nuclear membrane. Prokaryotic cells contain plasma membranes and ribosomes. Prokaryotic cells do not contain lysosomes and Golgi apparatu - DNA of a prokaryotic cell is enclosed in a nuclear membrane. True or False; if false, make the statement true: Lysosomes convert chemical energy found in food into ATP - false, mitochondria True or False; if false, make the statement true: Ribosomes synthesize lipids - false, assemble proteins Which of the following is NOT true of microtubules? They are a type of cytoskeleton. They are involved in the structure of cilia and flagella. They are free moving throughout the cell. They are hollow cylinders - They are free moving throughout the cell. Which of the following is NOT true concerning a cell wall? Cell walls are found mainly in plants and bacteria. Bacteria and plants contain multiple layers of cellulose fibers. Cell walls act as protection for bacteria. Bacterial cell walls contain peptidoglycan structures - Bacteria and plants contain multiple layers of cellulose fibers. Which of the following is NOT true of microfilaments? They are made up of intertwined polymer chains of actin molecules. Actin fibers contract and generate movement by rapidly assembling and disassembling. They cause constriction of a cell to form daughter cells. Microfilaments are a type of cytoskeleton - Actin fibers contract and generate movement by rapidly assembling and disassembling. Fill in the blank: is the process of small molecules moving from an area of higher concentration on one side of the cellular membrane to an area of lower concentration on the other side - diffusion is the diffusion of relatively larger lipid insoluble (polar) molecules through the cell membrane with the assistance of integral carrier proteins - endocytosis Match each term with the correct definition concerning water solutions in cells. osmosis isotonic hypertonic hypotonic refers to equal amounts of solute the solution contains more solute particles than the cell and has a lower water coencentration solute particles outside of a cell are of lesser concentration than inside the cell the diffusion of water - 1. diffusion of water 2. refers to equal amounts of solute 3. the solution contains more solute particles than the cell and has a lower water coencentration The hilum is where the and enter through 4. solute particles outside of a cell are of lesser concentration than inside the cell Are the following statements true or false concerning the sodiumpotassium pump in cell membranes? 1. It requires active transport. 2. Ions, because of their polar nature, do not require carrier proteins to cross the membrane. 3. Sodium ions move actively inside of the cell after they have diffused outward. 4. The pump maintains an electrical gradient across the membrane. - 1. true 2. false 3. false 4. true True or False: The left lung has 3 lobes. - false True or False: The left lung has 2 lobes. - true each lung. Arteries and veins Pleura and alveoli Pulmonary vessels and bronchi None of the abov - Pulmonary vessels and bronchi The is where the pulmonary vessels and bronchi enter through each lung. - hilium true or False: The mouth is made up of the following structures: The lips form the opening; the tongue forms the floor; the cheeks form the walls; the hard and soft palates form the roof; and the uvula forms the posterior border - true Fill in the blank: The is a muscle that is attached by the hyoid bone, mandible, and the lingual frenulum - tongue Which of the following structures make up the mouth? (Select all that apply) Fill in the blank: Peripheral nerves carry signals from the nervous system to a specific muscle destination to provide movemen - central Lips Tongue Uvula Cheeks Hard and soft palat - all True or False: Sesamoid bones are small and round, reinforcing tendons. - t True or False: A foramen is a hollow chamber in bone, usually filled with air - f true or False: Peripheral nerves carry signals from the central nervous system to a specific muscle destination to provide movement - true Tendons are connective tissue that connect bone to bone, helping to stabilize joints where bones meet T/F - F Which of the following structures are connective tissue that connect bone to bone to stabilize joints where bones meet? - ligamenr True or False: Primary endocrine organs include the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, pineal gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, and pancreas - t