OLOD Ontwikkelingsdomeinen en Ontwikkelingsverloop
Summary
Samenvatting Ontwikkelingsdomeinen en Ontwikkelingsverloop - Ontwikkelingspsychologie - Hogeschool Gent - mnr. Van Bunder
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Course
OLOD Ontwikkelingsdomeinen en Ontwikkelingsverloop
Institution
Hogeschool Gent (HoGent)
Book
Ontwikkelingspsychologie
Samenvatting Ontwikkelingspsychologie uit OLOD Ontwikkelingsdomeinen en Ontwikkelingsverloop, gegeven door meneer David Van Bunder op Hogeschool Gent. Bevat de leerstof en lesnotities.
Sociale en persoonlijkheidsontwikkeling in de babytijd ................................................................................... 8
Inleiding .............................................................................................................................................................. 8
Emoties in de babytijd ........................................................................................................................................ 9
Emoties zijn zichtbaar bij kinderen maar we weten niet of die baby’s die ook ervaren ............................... 9
Fundamentele emotionele gelaatsuitdrukkingen ......................................................................................... 9
Basale emoties lijken aangeboren ................................................................................................................. 9
Andere emoties ontwikkelen zich in de eerste maanden ............................................................................. 9
Er zijn ook cultuurgebonden verschillen ....................................................................................................... 9
Onze hersenen zijn klaar om emoties te ervaren bij de geboorte .............................................................. 10
Ontwikkeling van het ik .................................................................................................................................... 11
Verschillen tussen baby’s .................................................................................................................................. 15
Gender .............................................................................................................................................................. 15
De sociale ontwikkeling en de persoonlijkheidsontwikkeling in de peuter- en kleutertijd ............................. 16
Periode van enorme emotionele en sociale ontwikkeling ................................................................................ 16
Ontwikkeling van het ik .................................................................................................................................... 16
Sociale interactie .............................................................................................................................................. 17
Vriendschappen ........................................................................................................................................... 17
Spelen .......................................................................................................................................................... 17
Theory of mind ................................................................................................................................................. 17
Morele ontwikkeling ......................................................................................................................................... 17
Agressie ............................................................................................................................................................ 18
De sociale ontwikkeling en de persoonlijkheidsontwikkeling in de schooltijd ................................................ 19
Ontwikkeling van het ik .................................................................................................................................... 19
Erikson ......................................................................................................................................................... 19
Zelfbeschrijving evolueert van fysisch naar psychisch en wordt abstracter ............................................... 19
Geddiferentieerder zelfbeeld ...................................................................................................................... 19
Sociale vergelijking ...................................................................................................................................... 19
Opwaartse sociale vergelijking .................................................................................................................... 19
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, Neerwaartse sociale vergelijking ................................................................................................................. 19
Eigenwaarde ................................................................................................................................................ 19
Relaties in de schooltijd .................................................................................................................................... 19
Vriendschap wordt belangrijker .................................................................................................................. 19
Stadia van vriendschap ................................................................................................................................ 20
Populariteit .................................................................................................................................................. 20
Gender ......................................................................................................................................................... 20
Interetnische vriendschappen ..................................................................................................................... 21
Pesten .......................................................................................................................................................... 21
Sociale en persoonlijkheidsontwikkeling in de adolescentie .......................................................................... 22
Ontwikkeling van het ik .................................................................................................................................... 22
Belang identiteit gelinkt aan ........................................................................................................................ 22
Zelfbeeld ...................................................................................................................................................... 22
Eigenwaarde ................................................................................................................................................ 22
Erikson ......................................................................................................................................................... 22
Berzonsky .................................................................................................................................................... 23
Culturele identiteit ...................................................................................................................................... 23
Relatie met ouders ........................................................................................................................................... 23
Relaties met leeftijdsgenoten ........................................................................................................................... 23
Sociale en persoonlijke ontwikkeling in de vroege volwassenheid ................................................................. 24
Ontwikkelingstaken tijdens de volwassenheid ................................................................................................. 24
Relaties aangaan .............................................................................................................................................. 24
Geluk in de jongvolwassenheid ................................................................................................................... 24
Sociale klok .................................................................................................................................................. 24
Erikson ......................................................................................................................................................... 25
Vriendschap ................................................................................................................................................. 25
Verliefd worden ........................................................................................................................................... 25
Twee gezichten van liefde ........................................................................................................................... 25
Labelingstheorie gepassioneerde liefde ...................................................................................................... 25
Romantische liefde ...................................................................................................................................... 25
Sternberg: 3 componenten van de liefde .................................................................................................... 25
Partner kiezen .............................................................................................................................................. 26
Hechting en romantische relaties ................................................................................................................ 26
Verloop relaties ................................................................................................................................................ 26
Werk ................................................................................................................................................................. 26
Beroepskeuze .............................................................................................................................................. 26
Carrièreconsolidatie .................................................................................................................................... 26
Ginzberg....................................................................................................................................................... 27
Intrinsieke en extrensieke motivatie ........................................................................................................... 27
Sociale en persoonlijkheidsontwikkeling in de middelbare leeftijd ................................................................ 27
Persoonlijke ontwikkeling ................................................................................................................................. 27
Twee modellen ............................................................................................................................................ 27
Erikson ......................................................................................................................................................... 27
Vaillant ......................................................................................................................................................... 27
Levinson ....................................................................................................................................................... 27
Midlife – crisis .............................................................................................................................................. 27
Blijft in grote lijnen hetzelfde ...................................................................................................................... 27
Relaties ............................................................................................................................................................. 27
Gezinsdynamiek veranderen ....................................................................................................................... 27
2
, Tevredenheid huwelijk verandert ............................................................................................................... 28
Tweede huwelijk .......................................................................................................................................... 28
Lege nest syndroom .................................................................................................................................... 28
Helikopterouders ......................................................................................................................................... 28
Boemerangkinderen .................................................................................................................................... 28
Sandwichgeneratie ...................................................................................................................................... 28
Kangoeroewonen ........................................................................................................................................ 28
Huiselijk geweld ........................................................................................................................................... 28
Werk en vije tijd ................................................................................................................................................ 28
Sociale en persoonlijkheidsontwikkeling in de ouderdom .............................................................................. 29
Persoonlijke ontwikkeling, stabiliteit en verandering ....................................................................................... 29
Stabiliteit en verandering ............................................................................................................................ 29
Erikson: ik-integriteit vs. wanhoop .............................................................................................................. 29
Peck: ontwikkelingstaken ............................................................................................................................ 29
Levinson: winter van het leven .................................................................................................................... 29
Neugarten: 4 manieren van omgaan met ouder worden............................................................................ 29
Life review ................................................................................................................................................... 29
Persoonlijke ontwikkeling ................................................................................................................................. 29
Leeftijdsstratificatie ..................................................................................................................................... 29
Wijsheid ....................................................................................................................................................... 29
Dagelijks leven in de ouderdom ........................................................................................................................ 30
Woonvormen ............................................................................................................................................... 30
Financieel ..................................................................................................................................................... 30
Werk en pensionering ................................................................................................................................. 30
Relaties ............................................................................................................................................................. 30
Huwelijk ....................................................................................................................................................... 30
Dood partner ............................................................................................................................................... 30
Sociale netwerk ................................................................................................................................................ 31
Vriendschap ................................................................................................................................................. 31
Sociale steun ................................................................................................................................................ 31
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, Inleiding
Wat is ontwikkelingspsychologie?
Bestudeert patronen van verandering en stabiliteit in het psychisme gedurende de
levensloop
Cognitieve ontwikkeling
Begin: concreet → naarmate men ouder wordt: abstracter
Sociale ontwikkeling
Wie ben ik? Weet ik wat ik kan en niet kan? Vind ik mezelf de moeite waard? (vooral 14-
15jarigen vinden dit een probleem)
Psychologen
Alfred Binet (1857-1911) IQ (intelligentiequotiënt) → ontwikkelde de
eerste intelligentietest. Dit was een van de
eerste pogingen om deelaspect van de
psychologie te bestuderen
Stanley Hall (1846-1924) Denken en gedrag bij kinderen bestuderen
Jean Piaget (1896-1980) Cognitieve ontwikkeling
Actuele thema’s
Continue verandering vs discontinue verandering van de ontwikkeling
= DISCUSSIE
Kritieke vs gevoelige periode?
• Kritieke periode: specifieke tijd in de ontwikkeling waarin een gebeurtenis de
grootste gevolgen
• Gevoelige periode: een afgebakende periode waarin het organisme extra gevoelig is
voor omgevingsinvloeden die betrekking hebben op een bepaald facet van de
ontwikkeling
• Plasticiteit: ontwikkeling is veel flexibeler dan oorspronkelijk werd aangenomen
o Bv. Centrum van Broca
Nature (aangeboren) versus nurture
Is iets het gevolg van de natuur of een gevolg van de ontwikkeling?
The Bell curve (klokcurve)
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