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Midterm Exam: NR 565/ NR565 (New 2025/ 2026 Update) Advanced Pharmacology Fundamentals Guide| Questions & Answers| Grade A| 100% Correct (Verified Solutions)- Chamberlain $11.99
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Midterm Exam: NR 565/ NR565 (New 2025/ 2026 Update) Advanced Pharmacology Fundamentals Guide| Questions & Answers| Grade A| 100% Correct (Verified Solutions)- Chamberlain
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Midterm Exam: NR 565/ NR565 (New 2025/ 2026 Update) Advanced Pharmacology Fundamentals Guide| Questions & Answers| Grade A| 100% Correct (Verified Solutions)- Chamberlain

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  • January 27, 2025
  • 46
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • nr565 nr 565
  • nr 565nr565nr 565 nr565 midterm exam
  • nr 565nr565nr 565 nr565 exam
  • nr 565nr565nr 565 nr565 final exam
  • midterm exam nr 565 nr565 new update
  • nr565 nr 565 advanced pharmacology midterm exam

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Midterml Exam:l NRl 565/l NR565l (Newl
2025/l 2026l Update)l Advancedl
Pharmacologyl Fundamentalsl Guide|l
Questionsl &l Answers|l Gradel A|l 100%l
Correctl (Verifiedl Solutions)-l Chamberlain

QUESTION
Loopl Diuretics:l Adversel Effects


Answer:
Loopl diuretics,l suchl asl furosemide,l canl causel severall adversel effectsl includingl
dehydration,l electrolytel imbalancesl (suchl asl hypokalemial andl hyponatremia),l
hypotension,l andl renall impairment.l Theyl mayl alsol leadl tol ototoxicityl (hearingl loss)l ifl
usedl inl highl dosesl orl rapidlyl administered.




QUESTION
Thiazidel Diuretics:l Therapeuticl Effect


Answer:
-l Thiazidel diureticsl primarilyl workl byl increasingl urinel output,l whichl helpsl lowerl bloodl
pressurel andl reducel fluidl retention.
-l Theyl arel effectivel inl treatingl hypertensionl andl managingl symptomsl ofl edemal
associatedl withl heartl failure,l liverl disease,l orl kidneyl conditions.




QUESTION
Betal Blockersl forl Dysrhythmias


Answer:

,Betal blockers,l suchl asl propranololl andl atenolol,l arel commonlyl usedl tol treatl
dysrhythmiasl byl blockingl beta-adrenergicl receptors,l whichl helpl tol regulatel heartl ratel
andl rhythm.l Theyl effectivelyl managel conditionsl likel atriall fibrillation,l ventricularl
tachycardia,l andl otherl arrhythmiasl byl reducingl excessivel sympatheticl stimulationl ofl thel
heart.




QUESTION
Propranolol


Answer:
Propranololl isl al non-selectivel betal blockerl usedl tol managel variousl dysrhythmias.l Itl
worksl byl blockingl beta-adrenergicl receptorsl inl thel heart,l whichl helpsl tol slowl downl thel
heartl ratel andl stabilizel abnormall heartl rhythms,l makingl itl effectivel forl conditionsl likel
atriall fibrillationl andl ventricularl arrhythmias




QUESTION
Goall ofl Antidysrhythmicl Treatment


Answer:
-l Thel primaryl goall ofl treatmentl forl dysrhythmiasl isl tol restorel andl maintainl al normall
heartl rhythm,l reducel thel riskl ofl complicationsl suchl asl strokel orl heartl failure,l andl
improvel overalll cardiacl functionl andl patientl qualityl ofl life.l
-l Treatmentl strategiesl mayl includel medications,l lifestylel changes,l andl sometimesl
proceduresl likel cardioversionl orl ablation.




QUESTION
Amiodarone


Answer:
-l Potassiuml channell blocker-l Classl IIIl antidysrhythmicl agent.
-l Duel tol thel riskl ofl toxicity,l it'sl onlyl approvedl forl life-threateningl ventricularl
dysrhythmiasl thatl havel beenl refractoryl tol saferl agents.

,-l Blackl boxl warning:l Lungl damage—hypersensitivityl pneumonitis,l interstitial/alveolarl
pneumonitis,l pulmonaryl fibrosis—isl thel greatestl concern.l Symptomsl (dyspnea,l cough,l
chestl pain)l resemblel thosel ofl heartl failurel andl pneumonia.l Amiodaronel canl alsol injurel
thel liver.
-l Canl increasel thel levelsl ofl quinidine,l procainamide,l phenytoin,l digoxin,l diltiazem,l
warfarin,l cyclosporine,l andl threel statins:l lovastatin,l simvastatin,l andl atorvastatin.l Thel
dosagesl ofl thesel agentsl oftenl requirel reduction.
-l Amiodaronel levelsl canl bel increasedl byl grapefruitl juicel andl byl inhibitorsl ofl CYP3A4.




QUESTION
Angiotensinl Receptorl Blockersl (ARBS):l Indications


Answer:
-l ARBs,l suchl asl losartanl andl valsartan,l arel usedl inl heartl failurel whenl patientsl cannotl
toleratel ACEl inhibitorsl duel tol sidel effectsl likel coughl orl angioedema.
-l ARBsl blockl thel angiotensinl IIl receptorsl onl bloodl vessels,l preventingl vasoconstrictionl
andl reducingl bloodl pressure,l likel ACEl inhibitors.l Theyl helpl decreasel afterloadl andl
preload,l reducel heartl workload,l andl preventl diseasel progressionl inl heartl failurel patients.




QUESTION
Angiotensin-Convertingl Enzymel (ACE)l Inhibitors:l MOA


Answer:
ACEl inhibitorsl (e.g.,l lisinopril)l workl byl blockingl thel enzymel angiotensin-convertingl
enzymel (ACE),l whichl isl responsiblel forl convertingl angiotensinl Il tol angiotensinl II.l
Angiotensinl IIl isl al potentl vasoconstrictorl andl stimulatesl aldosteronel release.l Byl
inhibitingl ACE,l thesel drugsl lowerl bloodl pressure,l reducel bloodl volume,l andl decreasel
thel workloadl onl thel heart.




QUESTION
RAAS-Angiotensinl IIl Bloodl Pressurel Regulation


Answer:

, -l Thel Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteronel Systeml (RAAS)l isl al hormonel systeml thatl
regulatesl bloodl pressurel andl fluidl balance.l Angiotensinl II,l al keyl component,l causesl
bloodl vesselsl tol constrict,l increasingl bloodl pressure,l andl stimulatingl aldosteronel release,l
whichl leadsl tol sodiuml andl waterl retention.l
-l Drugsl thatl interferel withl RAASl (likel ACEl inhibitorsl andl ARBs)l helpl lowerl bloodl
pressurel andl reducel fluidl overload.




QUESTION
ACEl Inhibitorsl &l Heartl Failure


Answer:
ACEl inhibitorsl arel beneficiall inl managingl heartl failurel becausel theyl reducel thel
workloadl onl thel heartl byl loweringl bloodl pressurel andl decreasingl fluidl retention.l Theyl
alsol improvel symptomsl andl canl enhancel survivall byl preventingl thel progressionl ofl heartl
failurel andl reducingl thel riskl ofl hospitalization.




QUESTION
Ezetimibel andl Bilel Acidl Sequestrants


Answer:
-l Ezetimibel isl al medicationl thatl reducesl cholesteroll levelsl byl inhibitingl thel absorptionl
ofl cholesteroll inl thel intestines.
-l Bilel acidl sequestrantsl (e.g.,l cholestyramine)l lowerl cholesteroll byl bindingl bilel acidsl inl
thel gut,l preventingl theirl reabsorptionl andl promotingl cholesteroll excretion.l Bothl typesl ofl
medicationsl arel usedl tol managel dyslipidemial byl loweringl LDLl cholesteroll levels.




QUESTION
PCSK9l Inhibitorl andl Hypersensitivity


Answer:
-l PCSK9l inhibitorsl (e.g.,l alirocumab,l evolocumab)l arel al classl ofl drugsl thatl lowerl LDLl
cholesteroll byl increasingl thel liver'sl abilityl tol removel LDLl froml thel blood.l
-l Hypersensitivityl reactionsl tol thesel drugsl canl occur,l thoughl theyl arel relativelyl rare.l

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