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EAPS 105 Exam 2 Questions And Answers. Updated And Verified.

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EAPS 105 Exam 2 Questions And Answers. Updated And Verified. What is the consequence of a planet or moon being hot? - AnswerDifferentiation, Magnetic Fields, Plate Tectonics, and Volcanism what is the state (solid/liquid) of each layer in the Earth? - AnswerCrust - Solid Mantle - Solid Outer ...

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EAPS 105 Exam 2 Questions And Answers.
Updated And Verified.

What is the consequence of a planet or moon being hot? - Answer✔Differentiation, Magnetic
Fields, Plate Tectonics, and Volcanism

what is the state (solid/liquid) of each layer in the Earth? - Answer✔Crust - Solid
Mantle - Solid
Outer Core - Liquid
Inner Core - Solid

What is the difference between magma and lava? - Answer✔both are melted rock, but the
distinction is that magma is below the surface while lava is above the surface

Which type of volcanism is observed on the other terrestrial planets? - Answer✔hot spots: mid
ocean ridges and subduction zones require plate tectonics, which has not been observed on
other terrestrial planets

How much of the Earth's mantle is actually melted rock? - Answer✔a very small percentage and
only at very specific places close to the surface

What 3 ways can you get hot rocks to melt? - Answer✔1. increase temperature - uncommon
2. decrease pressure (depressurized melting)- reduces the melting temperature of rocks as they
experience a decrease in pressure as they rise closer to the surface
3. add water to the mineralogy (hydration-induced melting) - changes the chemistry to break
up long silica chains to reduce the rocks melting temperature

What causes hot rocks to melt at subduction zones? - Answer✔hydration-induced melting, as
water is drawn down as subduction occurs

What does the "Ring of Fire" refer to? - Answer✔Subduction zone volcanism occurs everywhere
plates are subducted, causing a "ring of fire" around the pacific ocean
Why are there fewer active volcanoes in the U.S. southwest compared to the northwest? -
Answer✔There is no active subduction zone in the southwestern U.S.

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What causes hot rocks to melt at hotspots? - Answer✔depressurized melting

Why do hotspots on Earth lead to hotspot tracks? - Answer✔Hotspots stay at static position on
the earth, but plate tectonics lead to hotspot tracks (example: hawaiian islands)

What is an effusive volcanic eruption? - Answer✔if magma can flow to the surface through a
vent or crack without building up high pressure (low pressure eruption)

Why does pressure in magma build as it rises to the surface? - Answer✔dissolved gas in the
magma expands to form gas bubbles as the pressure decreases as the magma rises; but as the
gas bubbles take up more volume within the magma, the pressure within the magma increases

What is volcanic ash? - Answer✔conductive shards of volcanic glass

What does viscosity measure? - Answer✔how easily a fluid flows

What kind of volcano does low viscosity magma lead to? - Answer✔lead to broad, shallow,
sloped volcanoes (shield)

What is the tallest on earth, measured from base to peak? - Answer✔Mauna Kea (on the big
island of hawaii)

How does a stratovolcano form? - Answer✔midsize volcanoes that form as a result of
alternating pyroclastic flow and effusive lava flows

How does a cinder cone form? - Answer✔build when Tephra (air cooled lava fragments) are
thrown out of a volcanic vent
What combination of magma viscosity and gas content is most likely to lead to explosive
eruptions? - Answer✔high viscosity and high gas content

What factors control how much gas pressure builds below the surface? - Answer✔1. amount of
magma
2. amount of dissolved gas
3. viscosity of magma - low viscosity magmas will flow through cracks to the surface, while
sticky magmas will resist flow and allow great pressure to build

What are the least to most powerful types of volcanic eruptions? - Answer✔Hawaiian - low
volume, low pressure
Strombolian - bursting of large gas bubbles that form from one large collection of volcanic
explosivity; low volume, high pressure
Vulcanian - high volume, low pressure
Plinian - high volume, high pressure

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