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Samenvatting Aantekeningen Onderzoeksmethodologie
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Aantekeningen van de hoorcolleges van het vak onderzoeksmethodologie, aangevuld met de opgegeven hoofdstukken uit het boek
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Resume Social Research Methods, ISBN: 9780199689453 Introduction To Research Methodology - Pre-Master 's
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College notes Introduction To Research Methodology - Pre-Master 's Social Research Methods, ISBN: 9780199689453
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Samenvatting onderzoeksmethodologieSamenvatting onderzoeksmethodologie................................................................................................1
Les 1 - hoofdstuk 1..............................................................................................................................8
Wat is onderzoek?..........................................................................................................................8
Wat is sociaalwetenschappelijk onderzoek?..................................................................................8
Hoe worden onderzoekstopics bepaald?........................................................................................8
Belang van onderzoeksvragen........................................................................................................8
Het belang van kennis over onderzoeksmethoden.........................................................................9
Types van sociaalwetenschappelijk onderzoek..............................................................................9
Het belang van concepten..............................................................................................................9
Specificiteit van sociaalwetenschappelijk onderzoek.....................................................................9
Elementen van het sociaalwetenschappelijk onderzoeksproces..................................................10
Les 2 - Hoofdstuk 2...........................................................................................................................10
Onderzoeksmethoden..................................................................................................................10
Methode.......................................................................................................................................10
Onderzoek paradigma..................................................................................................................11
Onderzoeksstrategie.....................................................................................................................11
De relatie tussen theorie en praktijk.........................................................................................11
Rationalistische benadering..........................................................................................................11
Empiristische benadering.............................................................................................................12
Types van theorieën.....................................................................................................................12
Naïef empirisme...........................................................................................................................12
Deductie.......................................................................................................................................12
Grounded theory benadering (inductie).......................................................................................12
Sociale wereld als onderzoeksthema............................................................................................12
Ontologie – epistemologie............................................................................................................13
Wereldbeeld.................................................................................................................................13
Epistemologische overwegingen..................................................................................................13
Het positivisme.........................................................................................................................13
Het kritisch realisme.................................................................................................................14
Het interpretivisme of subjectivisme........................................................................................14
(Hermeneutische) fenomenologie............................................................................................14
Ontologische overwegingen.........................................................................................................14
Het objectivisme.......................................................................................................................15
Het constructivisme..................................................................................................................15
1
, Kwantitatief of kwalitatief............................................................................................................15
Beïnvloedende factoren...............................................................................................................16
Waarden en axiologische posities.............................................................................................16
Praktische factoren.......................................................................................................................16
Les 3 - Hoofdstuk 3...........................................................................................................................16
Onderzoeksvragen........................................................................................................................16
Onderzoeksproces....................................................................................................................16
Evalueren van onderzoeksvragen.............................................................................................17
Doelen van onderzoeksvragen..................................................................................................17
Onderzoekdesigns........................................................................................................................17
Experimenten of experimentele designs..................................................................................17
Cross-sectioneel of survey design.............................................................................................18
Longitudinaal design.................................................................................................................19
Casestudie design.....................................................................................................................19
Comparatief design...................................................................................................................20
Samenbrengen van onderzoeksstrategie en -design....................................................................20
Les 4 – Hoofdstuk 9 & 10..................................................................................................................20
De kwantitatieve onderzoeksopzet..............................................................................................20
De belangrijkste bezorgdheden van kwantitatieve onderzoekers............................................20
Operationalisering in kwantitatief onderzoek..........................................................................21
Concepten en theorieën.......................................................................................................21
Diversiteit van concepten.....................................................................................................21
Directe en indirecte metingen/indicatoren..............................................................................21
Meervoudige indicatoren.....................................................................................................21
Likert schaal..............................................................................................................................22
Het kwantitatief onderzoeksplan..............................................................................................22
Kwaliteitscriteria...........................................................................................................................22
Belangrijkste criteria voor kwantitatieve onderzoeksbenadering.............................................23
Kritieken op kwantitatief onderzoek............................................................................................23
Survey...........................................................................................................................................23
Voor- en nadelen......................................................................................................................24
Wat is een gestructureerd interview?......................................................................................24
Types van vragen..................................................................................................................24
Problemen met bewoording.................................................................................................24
Funnel structuur van vragenlijsten.......................................................................................24
Soorten interviews................................................................................................................25
2
, Interview context..................................................................................................................25
Telefoon interviews..............................................................................................................25
Uitvoeren van gestructureerde interviews...........................................................................25
Problemen met gestructureerde interviews.........................................................................26
Voordelen van gestructureerde interviews..........................................................................26
Problemen met gestructureerde interviews.........................................................................26
Zelf in te vullen vragenlijsten....................................................................................................26
Vaak voorkomende oorzaken van problemen bij surveyonderzoek.....................................26
Dagboeken als vorm van zelf in te vullen vragenlijsten........................................................26
Voordelen van zelf in te vullen vragenlijst............................................................................27
Nadelen van zelf in te vullen vragenlijst...............................................................................27
Verschil tussen gestructureerd interview en zelf in te vullen vragenlijst..................................27
Les 5 – Hoofdstuk 13........................................................................................................................27
Sampling/steekproeftrekking.......................................................................................................27
Begrippen.................................................................................................................................27
Soorten van steekproef............................................................................................................28
Selecte steekproef................................................................................................................28
Aselecte steekproef..............................................................................................................28
Kwantitatieve inhoudsanalyse......................................................................................................29
Wat is een kwantitatieve inhoudsanalyse.................................................................................29
Soorten betekenissen...............................................................................................................29
Onderzoeksvragen....................................................................................................................29
Steekproeftrekking...................................................................................................................29
Wat tellen?...............................................................................................................................29
Coderen....................................................................................................................................30
Het codeerschema/codeboek...............................................................................................30
De codeurshandleiding.........................................................................................................30
Codeursbetrouwbaarheid.........................................................................................................30
Voor- en nadelen van inhoudsanalyse......................................................................................31
Problemen bij inhoudsanalyse van digitaal materiaal?.............................................................31
Les 6 – Hoofdstuk 12, 17 & 19..........................................................................................................31
Gestructureerde observaties........................................................................................................31
Types van observatieonderzoek...............................................................................................31
Gestructureerde of systematische observatie..........................................................................31
Het observatieschema..............................................................................................................32
Strategieën om gedrag te observeren......................................................................................32
3
, Steekproeven voor kwantitatieve observaties..........................................................................32
Problemen met kwaliteitscriteria.............................................................................................32
Veldstimulatie observatie.........................................................................................................32
Kritieken op gestructureerde observatie.................................................................................33
Positieve van gestructureerde observatie................................................................................33
Nadelen van survey, daarom observaties.................................................................................33
De kwalitatieve onderzoeksopzet.................................................................................................33
De belangrijkste bezorgdheden van kwalitatieve onderzoekers...............................................33
Concepten en theorieën...........................................................................................................34
Grounded theory benadering...................................................................................................34
Kwaliteitscriteria.......................................................................................................................34
Kritieken op kwalitatief onderzoek...........................................................................................35
Etnografie en participatieve observatie........................................................................................35
Kenmerken etnografie..............................................................................................................35
Les 7 – Hoofdstuk 19 & 20................................................................................................................35
Etnografie en participatieve observatie........................................................................................35
Kenmerken etnografie..............................................................................................................35
De setting en de rol...................................................................................................................36
Het verkrijgen van toegang tot een gesloten setting............................................................36
Het verkrijgen van toegang tot een open setting..................................................................36
Verborgen rol van de etnograaf............................................................................................36
Blijvende toegang.................................................................................................................36
Belangrijke personen................................................................................................................36
Mogelijke rollen voor de onderzoeker......................................................................................37
Aandachtspunten bij observatie...............................................................................................37
Observatieprotocol...................................................................................................................37
Veldnota’s.................................................................................................................................37
Het beëindigen van een etnografisch onderzoek.....................................................................38
Visuele etnografie.....................................................................................................................38
Netnografie...............................................................................................................................38
Het schrijven van een etnografie..............................................................................................38
Veel voorkomende fout............................................................................................................39
Interview.......................................................................................................................................39
Verschillen tussen kwalitatieve en kwantitatieve interviews....................................................39
Interview-onderzoek.................................................................................................................39
Ongestructureerde en semigestructureerde interviews...........................................................39
4
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