Study guide
Lecture notes
- Course
- Institution
Language Learning and socialization lecture notes from semester 1 school year . All lectures are included
[Show more]
Seller
Followtaravandijk
Content preview
LANGUAGE LEARNING AND SOCIALIZATION↳➝ ↕︎
Lecture 1 - Introduction - 28/08/19 2
Lecture 2 - Basics of Language Learning - 04/09/19 4
Lecture 3 - Basics of language learning - 11/09/19 8
Lecture 4 - Social contexts in language learning - 18/09/19 12
Lecture 5 - Input and interaction - 25/09/19 14
Lecture 6 - Learning more than one language - 02/10/19 18
Lecture 7 - Online socialization - 09/10/19 20
Lecture 8 - multilingualism: individual and society - 23/10/19 23
Lecture 9 - Language in Education/Implications of multilingualism for curriculum - 30/10/19 27
Lecture 10 - multilingualism in the classroom - 23/10/19 31
Lecture 11 - 13/11/19 34
Lecture 12 - Social and Educational Aspects of Submersion Education in Reality - 20/11/19 36
Lecture 13 - Educational Policy on Immigrant Minorities in the Netherlands - 04/12/19 39
Pagina 1 van 42
,LECTURE 1 - INTRODUCTION - 28/08/19
Socialization
= the lifelong process of social interaction through which individuals acquire a self-identity and the
skills needed for survival in society
• Implicit rules
• Learn how to behave in a ‘normal’ way
↳ Language is both medium and object of socialization into language and through language
• The content of socialization differs greatly from society to society
Individual perspective
• How do people learn language?
• Process, explanations
• First language: L1 (mother tongue), Second language: L2
• Multilingualism; bilingualism
Societal perspective
• Contexts: informal (home, online); formal (school)
• Multilingualism in education
• Educational policy
Central Questions:
• How can a young child learn such a complex system in such a short time period?
• What are we born with; wat do we learn?
• How do parents talk to their children; is this universal or culture specific?
• How can a child learn two languages at the same time?
• Can children learn language from television / digital media / robots?
• How can schools deal with a multilingual population?
• What is the best way to learn a second language?
Language socialization
The process of:
• becoming a speaker of a language (socialization into language)
• while participating in particular speech communities (socialization through language).
↳ Through language socialization, children learn the behaviors that are culturally appropriate in
their community.
Outcome:
• Children become socially, linguistically and culturally competent members of their community
• They can use language that is locally meaningful, grammatically correct and socially appropriate
Through:
• Interactions with caregivers and other (more competent) members of their community
• Socializing agents: family, school, peer group, mass media
What if there are no caregivers/parents?
↳ Social isolation, deprivation
• Won’t be able to function in society if they don’t have interaction with others
• If you don’t get language input (cause: isolation), it’s very hard to learn language, results in not
speaking
Language system = complex
Different levels:
• Phonology: sounds
• Semantics: meaning (lexicon)
• Grammar:
• syntax = sentence construction,
• morphology = word construction
• Pragmatics: language use
• Metalinguistic awareness
Pagina 2 van 42
, • Awareness of different language systems
Methodology
• Experimental research
• Techniques: ad hoc experiments, standardized tests
• Observational research: spontaneous interactions in natural situations
• Techniques: notes, audio- and video-recordings, data transcription, coding, analysis (Childes,
clan)
Experimental research
• Testing of a hypothesis/specific question in a controlled manner
• Dependent variable: language behavior
• Independent variable: age, SES
• Context is controlled
• Difficult with young children
• Ad hoc experiments
• On productive language
• Elicitation techniques:
• Elicitation limitation
• Use of a doll
• Wug technique
• The use of nonexistent/invented words to test linguistic knowledge
• On receptive language:
• Habitiuation method: sucking, heart rate, head turning
• Preferential looking / listening paradigm
• Picture selection task
• act-out task
• The lion that is pinching the bear, is stroking the monkey.
• The bear that is hitting the lion, is kissing the monkey.
• The monkey is kissing the lion that is pinching the bear.
• brain research techniques:
• ERP, fMRI
• Standardized tests
• Aim: assessment, determine language level, detect disorders
• Set items, procedure, scoring
• Standards to compare with.
Observational research
• Data of interaction sin natural situations
• Transcription
• Coding
• Analyzing
• CHILDES: Child Language Data Exchange System
• System for transcription and coding (CHAT)
• Program for analysis (CLAN)
• Quantitative language measures: TTR
• Type-token ratio. Words, lexicon
• Number of types (different words) divided by number of tokens (total number of words):
between 0 and 1
• Example: dog, doggie, dogs: 3 tokens,1 type
dog, cat: 2 tokens, 2 types
• Problem: length of transcript
• Alternative measure: voc-d = vocabulary diversity
Pagina 3 van 42
, LECTURE 2 - BASICS OF LANGUAGE LEARNING - 04/09/19
Socialization definitions
• Processes with the help of which a living organism is changed in a social being
• The process of learning one’s culture and how to live within it
• The process of transferring norms, values, beliefs, and behaviors to future group members.
• The lifelong process of social interaction through which individuals acquire a self-identity and
the skills needed for survival in society.
Key terms
• Primary = initial socialization; from birth, ➝ most crucial
• Secondary = resocialization, when entering a new group within society
• Enculturation: the process of being socialized to a particular culture
• Socialization types:
• Informal/naturel (home, parents);
• Formal/planned (classroom, teachers)
First language learning
• Language system is complex: sounds, words, grammar, pragmatics
• Every child learns language, 0-9 years of age
• Fixed sequence (steps you take to learn a language), different pace
• Passive = receptive = understanding
Active = productive = talking
↳ Receptive before productive
States of language learning
• Pre-verbal 0 - 1;0 (1 year zero months)
• Communication:
• crying, eye con tact, photo-conversations
• Phonology:
• understanding
• starts before birth, preference for mothers voice, differentiate sounds, differentiate
languages
• production
• crying, vocalizing, babbling, universal adaptability
• Early lingual / one-word, telegraphic 1;0 - 2;6
• One-word stage (holophrastic): 1;0
• Proto-words ➝ first ‘real’ words
• ‘Gavagai problem’
• It’s not directly clear when a word is uttered, what it is referred to
• Telegraphic stage: 1;6 - 2;6
• First sentences: short, words, not connected
• Differentiation / multi word stage 2;6 - 5;0
• Cognitive: sense of time, identification
• Lexicon: at age 3;0 about 1000 words
• Morphology: inflections (‘2 cars’); over regularization (‘I drinked)
• Learning grammar rules, stage in which most mistakes are made, but that means that
they’re learning
• Syntax: longer sentences
• Pragmatics: decontextualization
• Saying what they see directly around them, present in the context
• Completion age 5 - 9
• Language system is completed
• Explicit language learning in school
• Lexicon: learning 6-10 words a day
• Syntax: longer, compound clauses
• Pragmatics: story telling, extended discourse, tuning in to listener
Pagina 4 van 42
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller taravandijk. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $5.98. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
62890 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now