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Summary Chordates

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  • Chordates
  • May 20, 2020
  • 4
  • 2019/2020
  • Summary

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By: nitacarstens26 • 4 year ago

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INTRODUCTION TO CHORDATES:




5 chordate hallmarks:
 Notochord:
 A flexible rod, extending the length of the body
 It is the first part of the endoskeleton to appear in an embryo
 It is a hydrostatic organ
 Muscles attach to the notochord, and because it can bend laterally without shortening, it permits
undulatory movements of the body
 Dorsal tubular nerve cord:
 Single nerve cord is dorsal to the digestive tract and is a tube
 The anterior end becomes enlarged to form the brain
 The hollow cord is produced in the embryo by infolding of ectodermal cells on the
dorsal side of the body above the notochord
 Pharyngeal pouches and slits:
 Pharyngeal slits are openings that lead from the pharyngeal cavity to the outside
 They are formed by inpocketing of the outside ectoderm (pharyngeal grooves) and
evagination/outpocketing of the endodermal lining of the pharynx (pharyngeal
pouches)
 The perforated pharynx evolved as a filter-feeder apparatus. Water with suspended food particles is drawn
by ciliary action through the mouth and flows out through pharyngeal slits where food is trapped in mucus
 Endostyle or thyroid gland:
 Located in the pharyngeal floor, it secretes mucus that traps food particles brought into the pharyngeal
cavity
 Some cells in the endostyle secrete iodinated proteins
 Postanal tail:
 A postanal tail, together with somatic musculature and the stiffening notochord, provides the motility used
for free-swimming
 It has evolved for propulsion of water

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