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Histories of Digital Culture
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Week 2Computers and computing cultures
1. From computers to programmers
2. (Sharing) source code
3. Computing identities
From computers to programmers
Computing is a word, is a part of history, indicates human action because they’re operated by
humans.
Harvard Mark 1: Giant calculator. Mega calculator. Automatic. You’ll have to program your
calculator.
Machine language was cryptic then.
Computor → Coder → Programmer
Programming languages: Fortran, algol and cobol.
Computor: ...1940
Coder: 1940-1950
Programmer: 1960-
Computer product (1940-1960) Software + Hardware
Computer product (1960-) Software and hardware sold separately. Divided up to applications,
OS, compilers and hardware.
Compiler became the coder. It was automatic, the computer translated the language.
Operation system: The application of the hardware.
● Timesharing
(Sharing) source code
Unix*
Forks → Unixes
Unix → BSD → NeXTStep → iOS
Unix → MINIX → LINUX → Android
, Continuum/Stability Recursive public
Pedagogy (university) = continuum/stability recursive public
Computing identities
Computer bum/nerd/hacker (Generation)
Who are they? Student or subcontractor (amateur)
● Alan Turing
● Chistopher Strachey
● Max Mathews
● Ivan Sutherland
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