BIS2B Lab Practical Study Set
1. why use transects or quadrants to collect data rather than just divide the
habitat into quarters & sample only one of the quarters?:
2. does a value closer to 1 suggest relatively high or low diversity in the
habitat?: lower diversity
3. this index takes into account the two components of diversity. what are
these two components?: species richness & species evenness (relative
abundance/proportion)
4. if ants, in particular were extremely rare in the region & therefore worthy
of special preservation effects, how would that affect your choice of site
to conserve?:
5. representative sample: a sample that accurately reflects the characteristics of
the population as a whole
6. sampling: process by which participants are selected
7. transect: biologist runs a line, called a transect, through a habitat
8. quadrat sampling: Using a known small area at random to count organisms
within that area. The number of organisms within that area can give an
approximate estimate of the population of that particular species in a larger area.
9. what factors do you think might influence why some habitats had a higher
diversity than other habitats studied?: Factors that may influence why some
habitats studied could be the range of different plant groups tested & their
environments. Each of these plant groups had very different environments that
they live & flourish in. These environments may be treated differently & have
different factors contributing to their growth. Some groups may also have been
better at finding more species than other groups, therefore increasing the
diversity.
10. what should we care about diversity?: we should care about diversity for a
multitude of different reasons such as market value, ecosystem services, factors
of science & research, & more. Many organisms provide services to us that we
don't always think about such as a healthy insect community providing
pollination that in turn helps agriculture for us.
11. organisms need: source of energy & source of carbon. in addition chemical
building blocks (hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, etc.)
12. autotrophs: Organisms that are able to make their own food
13. heterotrophs: organisms that cannot make their own food and must feed on
other organisms for energy and nutrients
, 14. Photosynthesis: Conversion of light energy from the sun into chemical energy.
light energy (in photons) is captured by pigments such as chlorophyll & is used
to make ATP.
15. extracellular digestion: Digestion that takes place outside of the cell (in the
cavity of the cell-lined sac)
16. intracellular: within the cell (breakdown of food products)
17. decomposers: organisms that break down wastes and dead organisms and
return raw materials to the environment
18. sap robes: free-living microorganisms that feed on organic detritus from dead
organisms
19. parasites: organisms that live on or in a host and cause it harm
20. biotrophs: live within host tissue without causing death
21. pathogens: disease causing agents
22. structures found only in plants: chloroplast
23. cell wall: function: rigid cellular support
24. plasma membrane: function: flexible cellular boundary
25. mitochondria: function: site of cellular respiration
26. chloroplasts: function: site of photosynthesis
27. what structure within the cell requires oxygen?: mitochondria
28. what types of cells have this structure?: plants, animals, & fungi
29. in the human body, where is oxygen absorbed from the air?: lungs
30. thinking about the general shape of this organ, if you were to cut it open
you would notice there are a lot of folds - how might this increase the
efficiency for gas exchange?: the many folds allow for a larger surface area
for gas exchange to take place.
31. The lungs are surrounded by vascular tissue, what is the function of the
vascular tissue here?: functions as a transporter for water & minerals in plants
& blood & oxygen in humans.
32. In these vascular tissues is _______, which carries oxygen throughout our
bodies.: blood
33. Proteins are made of amino acids. what elements make up amino acids?-
: carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, & sulfur
34. Where do you think the body gets the needed minerals to form bone?:
food, vitamins, supplements
35. What are the elements contained in cellulose?: carbon, oxygen, & hydrogen
36. Name two organisms you think consumes cellulose & make your best
guess as to whether each breaks down cellulose or simply secretes it: goat
1. why use transects or quadrants to collect data rather than just divide the
habitat into quarters & sample only one of the quarters?:
2. does a value closer to 1 suggest relatively high or low diversity in the
habitat?: lower diversity
3. this index takes into account the two components of diversity. what are
these two components?: species richness & species evenness (relative
abundance/proportion)
4. if ants, in particular were extremely rare in the region & therefore worthy
of special preservation effects, how would that affect your choice of site
to conserve?:
5. representative sample: a sample that accurately reflects the characteristics of
the population as a whole
6. sampling: process by which participants are selected
7. transect: biologist runs a line, called a transect, through a habitat
8. quadrat sampling: Using a known small area at random to count organisms
within that area. The number of organisms within that area can give an
approximate estimate of the population of that particular species in a larger area.
9. what factors do you think might influence why some habitats had a higher
diversity than other habitats studied?: Factors that may influence why some
habitats studied could be the range of different plant groups tested & their
environments. Each of these plant groups had very different environments that
they live & flourish in. These environments may be treated differently & have
different factors contributing to their growth. Some groups may also have been
better at finding more species than other groups, therefore increasing the
diversity.
10. what should we care about diversity?: we should care about diversity for a
multitude of different reasons such as market value, ecosystem services, factors
of science & research, & more. Many organisms provide services to us that we
don't always think about such as a healthy insect community providing
pollination that in turn helps agriculture for us.
11. organisms need: source of energy & source of carbon. in addition chemical
building blocks (hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, etc.)
12. autotrophs: Organisms that are able to make their own food
13. heterotrophs: organisms that cannot make their own food and must feed on
other organisms for energy and nutrients
, 14. Photosynthesis: Conversion of light energy from the sun into chemical energy.
light energy (in photons) is captured by pigments such as chlorophyll & is used
to make ATP.
15. extracellular digestion: Digestion that takes place outside of the cell (in the
cavity of the cell-lined sac)
16. intracellular: within the cell (breakdown of food products)
17. decomposers: organisms that break down wastes and dead organisms and
return raw materials to the environment
18. sap robes: free-living microorganisms that feed on organic detritus from dead
organisms
19. parasites: organisms that live on or in a host and cause it harm
20. biotrophs: live within host tissue without causing death
21. pathogens: disease causing agents
22. structures found only in plants: chloroplast
23. cell wall: function: rigid cellular support
24. plasma membrane: function: flexible cellular boundary
25. mitochondria: function: site of cellular respiration
26. chloroplasts: function: site of photosynthesis
27. what structure within the cell requires oxygen?: mitochondria
28. what types of cells have this structure?: plants, animals, & fungi
29. in the human body, where is oxygen absorbed from the air?: lungs
30. thinking about the general shape of this organ, if you were to cut it open
you would notice there are a lot of folds - how might this increase the
efficiency for gas exchange?: the many folds allow for a larger surface area
for gas exchange to take place.
31. The lungs are surrounded by vascular tissue, what is the function of the
vascular tissue here?: functions as a transporter for water & minerals in plants
& blood & oxygen in humans.
32. In these vascular tissues is _______, which carries oxygen throughout our
bodies.: blood
33. Proteins are made of amino acids. what elements make up amino acids?-
: carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, & sulfur
34. Where do you think the body gets the needed minerals to form bone?:
food, vitamins, supplements
35. What are the elements contained in cellulose?: carbon, oxygen, & hydrogen
36. Name two organisms you think consumes cellulose & make your best
guess as to whether each breaks down cellulose or simply secretes it: goat
