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Samenvatting EHBO

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  • Course
  • EHBO
  • Institution
  • Katholieke Hogeschool VIVES (VIVES)

Mijn samenvatting is gebaseerd op de slides van mijn leerkracht en het boek 'Handboek eerste hulp' van . De samenvatting is 111 pagina's lang. Inhoudstafel vind je hieronder: 0 Inhoudsopgave 2 Deel 1: Basisprincipes 11 1 5 Basisprincipes 11 1.1 Blijf kalm 11 1.2 Vermijd besmetting 11 1.3 Handel a...

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Document information

  • May 30, 2020
  • 108
  • 2019/2020
  • Summary

Subjects

  • ehbo
  • eerste hulp
  • handboek eerste hulp

Written for

  • Katholieke Hogeschool VIVES (VIVES)
  • Medical Office Management
  • EHBO
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Samenvattingen Medical Office Management 2




SAMENVATTING: EHBO




1

,Samenvattingen Medical Office Management 2


0 INHOUDSOPGAVE

Deel 1: Basisprincipes.............................................................................................................................................. 8
1 5 Basisprincipes .......................................................................................................................................... 8
1.1 Blijf kalm ................................................................................................................................................ 8
1.2 Vermijd besmetting ............................................................................................................................... 8
1.3 Handel als een hulpverlener .................................................................................................................. 8
1.3.1 Valkuilen ...................................................................................................................... 8
1.3.2 Schuldig verzuim.......................................................................................................... 9
1.4 Comfort slachtoffer ............................................................................................................................... 9
1.5 Psychosociale hulp................................................................................................................................. 9
1.5.1 Voor het slachtoffer .................................................................................................... 9
1.5.2 Voor omstaanders ....................................................................................................... 9
1.5.3 Voor de hulpverlener .................................................................................................. 9
2 De 4 stappen van eerste hulp .................................................................................................................. 10
2.1 Zorg voor veiligheid ............................................................................................................................. 10
2.2 Beoordeel toestand patiënt................................................................................................................. 10
2.3 Alarmeer professionele hulp ............................................................................................................... 10
2.4 Verleen eerste hulp ............................................................................................................................. 11
Deel 2: basistechnieken ........................................................................................................................................ 12
1 ABC(DE) benadering ................................................................................................................................. 12
1.1 Airway .................................................................................................................................................. 12
1.2 Breathing ............................................................................................................................................. 12
1.3 Circulation............................................................................................................................................ 14
1.3.1 HPPPB ........................................................................................................................ 14
1.4 Disability .............................................................................................................................................. 15

1.4.1 WAPA score ............................................................................................................... 15
1.4.2 Pupilcontrole ............................................................................................................. 15
1.4.3 Spraak ........................................................................................................................ 15
1.4.4 Kracht ........................................................................................................................ 15
1.4.5 Glycemie .................................................................................................................... 16
1.4.6 Medicatie gebruik...................................................................................................... 16
1.5 Exposure .............................................................................................................................................. 16
2 Verplaatstechnieken ................................................................................................................................ 16
2.1 Basisprincipes van verplaatstechnieken .............................................................................................. 16
2.2 Rautekgreep ........................................................................................................................................ 16
2.2.1 Bij liggend/zittend slachtoffer ................................................................................... 17

2

,Samenvattingen Medical Office Management 2


2.2.2 Omgekeerde Rautek .................................................................................................. 18
2.3 Slachtoffer ondersteunen .................................................................................................................... 18
2.4 Stabiele zijligging ................................................................................................................................. 19
2.5 Draaien van patiënt ............................................................................................................................. 20
3 Immobilisitatie ......................................................................................................................................... 20
3.1 Hoofd- en halsimmobilisatie ................................................................................................................ 20
3.2 Immobilisatie van lidmaat ................................................................................................................... 20
3.3 Kledij verwijderen ................................................................................................................................ 20
Deel 3: ................................................................................................................................................................... 21
1 ........................................................................................................................................................................ 21
Deel 4: ................................................................................................................................................................... 29
1 ........................................................................................................................................................................ 29
Deel 5: Bewustzijnsstoornissen ............................................................................................................................. 30
1 Syncope .................................................................................................................................................... 30
1.1 Oorzaken.............................................................................................................................................. 30
1.2 Vaststelling .......................................................................................................................................... 30
1.3 Eerste hulp ........................................................................................................................................... 30
2 Epilepsie ................................................................................................................................................... 31
2.1 Gegeneraliseerde / partiële aanvallen ................................................................................................ 31

2.1.1 Tonisch-Clonische aanvallen ..................................................................................... 31
2.1.2 Absences .................................................................................................................... 32
2.1.3 Eenvoudig partiële aanvallen: ................................................................................... 32
2.1.4 Complexe partiële epileptische aanvallen: ............................................................... 32
2.2 Niet-epiliptische aanvallen .................................................................................................................. 32
2.3 Status epilepticus................................................................................................................................. 32
2.4 Oorzaken.............................................................................................................................................. 32
2.5 Eerste hulp ........................................................................................................................................... 33
3 Diabetes ................................................................................................................................................... 33
3.1 3 types ................................................................................................................................................. 34

3.1.1 Type 1 ........................................................................................................................ 34
3.1.2 Type 2 ........................................................................................................................ 34
3.1.3 Zwangerschapsdiabetes ............................................................................................ 34
3.2 Hyperglycemie ..................................................................................................................................... 35

3.2.1 Oorzaak...................................................................................................................... 35
3.2.2 Symptomen ............................................................................................................... 35
3.2.3 Behandeling ............................................................................................................... 35


3

,Samenvattingen Medical Office Management 2


3.3 Hypoglycemie ...................................................................................................................................... 35

3.3.1 Oorzaak...................................................................................................................... 35
3.3.2 Symptomen ............................................................................................................... 35
3.3.3 Behandeling ............................................................................................................... 36
4 Cerebro vasculair accident (CVA) ............................................................................................................. 36
4.1 Soorten CVA ......................................................................................................................................... 36
4.1.1 Ischemisch CVA.......................................................................................................... 36
4.1.1.1 Trombotisch CVA ................................................................................................... 36
4.1.1.2 Embolisch CVA ....................................................................................................... 36
4.1.2 Hemorragisch CVA ..................................................................................................... 36
4.2 Symptomen ......................................................................................................................................... 37
4.2.1 plaats ......................................................................................................................... 37
4.2.2 ernst........................................................................................................................... 37
4.3 Risicofactoren ...................................................................................................................................... 37
4.3.1 Onbeïnvloedbaar ....................................................................................................... 37
4.3.2 Beïnvloedbaar............................................................................................................ 37
4.4 Eerste hulp – FAST ............................................................................................................................... 38

4.4.1 FAST ........................................................................................................................... 38
4.4.2 Eerste hulp ................................................................................................................. 38
4.5 Voorbode CVA: TIA .............................................................................................................................. 38
Deel 6: Ademhaling en circulatie .......................................................................................................................... 39
1 Ademhaling .............................................................................................................................................. 39
1.1 Verslikking ........................................................................................................................................... 39
1.1.1 Lichte verslikking ....................................................................................................... 39
1.1.2 Ernstige verslikking .................................................................................................... 39
1.2 Hyperventilatie .................................................................................................................................... 40
1.2.1 Fysiologische hyperventilatie .................................................................................... 40
1.2.2 oorzaken .................................................................................................................... 40
1.2.3 Hyperventilatiesyndroom .......................................................................................... 40
1.2.4 Vaststelling ................................................................................................................ 40
1.2.5 Eerste hulp ................................................................................................................. 41
1.3 Dyspnoe ............................................................................................................................................... 41
1.3.1 Oorzaken ................................................................................................................... 41
1.3.2 Vaststelling ................................................................................................................ 41
1.3.3 Eerste hulp ................................................................................................................. 41
2 Circulatie .................................................................................................................................................. 42


4

,Samenvattingen Medical Office Management 2


2.1 Angor ................................................................................................................................................... 42

2.1.1 Soorten angor ............................................................................................................ 42
2.1.2 Atherosclerose........................................................................................................... 42
2.1.3 Vaststelling ................................................................................................................ 42
2.1.4 Eerste hulp ................................................................................................................. 43
2.2 Shock ................................................................................................................................................... 43
2.2.1 Soorten shock ............................................................................................................ 43
2.2.1.1 Cardiogene shock .................................................................................................. 43
2.2.1.2 Obstructieve shock ................................................................................................ 43
2.2.1.3 Distributieve shock ................................................................................................ 43
2.2.1.4 Hypovolemische shock .......................................................................................... 43
2.2.2 Vaststelling ................................................................................................................ 44
2.2.3 Eerste hulp ................................................................................................................. 44
Deel 7: Trauma ...................................................................................................................................................... 45
1 Bloedingen ............................................................................................................................................... 45
1.1 Externe bloeding .................................................................................................................................. 45
1.1.1 Soorten ...................................................................................................................... 45
1.1.1.1 Veneus ................................................................................................................... 45
1.1.1.2 Arterieel ................................................................................................................. 45
1.1.2 Eerste hulp................................................................................................................. 45
1.2 Veruitwendigde bloeding .................................................................................................................... 46

1.2.1 Bloed uit oor .............................................................................................................. 46
1.2.2 Epistaxis ..................................................................................................................... 46
1.2.3 Bloed uit de mond ..................................................................................................... 47
1.3 Interne bloeding .................................................................................................................................. 48

1.3.1 Blauwe plek (hematoom) .......................................................................................... 48
1.3.2 Craniale bloeding ....................................................................................................... 48
1.3.2.1 Chronisch subduraal hematoom ........................................................................... 49
1.3.2.2 Epidurale bloeding ................................................................................................. 49
1.3.2.3 Acuut subdurale hematoom .................................................................................. 49
1.3.2.4 Diffuse external injury ........................................................................................... 49
1.3.2.5 Hersenoedeem ...................................................................................................... 50
1.3.2.6 contusio cerebri ..................................................................................................... 50
1.3.2.7 Coup contre coup .................................................................................................. 50
1.3.3 Stomp abdominaal trauma (milt en lever) ................................................................ 50
2 Traumatische huideffecten ...................................................................................................................... 51


5

,Samenvattingen Medical Office Management 2


2.1 Schaafwonde ....................................................................................................................................... 51

2.1.1 Observatie ................................................................................................................. 51
2.1.2 Eerste hulp ................................................................................................................. 51
2.2 Snijwonde ............................................................................................................................................ 51
2.2.1 Observatie ................................................................................................................. 51
2.2.2 Eerste hulp ................................................................................................................. 51
2.3 Steekwonde ......................................................................................................................................... 51
2.3.1 Observatie ................................................................................................................. 51
2.3.2 Eerste hulp ................................................................................................................. 52
2.4 Schotwonde ......................................................................................................................................... 52

2.4.1 Observatie ................................................................................................................. 52
2.4.2 Eerste hulp ................................................................................................................. 52
2.5 Bijtwonde............................................................................................................................................. 52

2.5.1 Observatie ................................................................................................................. 52
2.5.2 Eerste hulp................................................................................................................. 53
2.6 Brandwonde ........................................................................................................................................ 53

2.6.1 Oorzaken ................................................................................................................... 53
2.6.2 Ernst afhankelijk van ................................................................................................. 54
2.6.3 Berekening lichaamsoppervlak ................................................................................. 54
2.6.4 Wanneer opname in spoed? ..................................................................................... 54
2.6.5 Rookinhalatie ............................................................................................................. 55
2.6.6 Diepte brandwonden ................................................................................................ 55
2.6.7 Eerste hulp brandwonden ......................................................................................... 56
2.7 Amputatie ............................................................................................................................................ 57
2.7.1 Observatie ................................................................................................................. 57
2.7.2 Eerste hulp ................................................................................................................. 57
2.8 Skintear ................................................................................................................................................ 57

2.8.1 Observatie ................................................................................................................. 57
2.8.2 Eerste hulp ................................................................................................................. 58
2.9 Plettrauma ........................................................................................................................................... 58

2.9.1 Observatie ................................................................................................................. 58
2.9.2 Eerste hulp ................................................................................................................. 58
2.10 Vreemd voorwerp in de wonde ...................................................................................................... 58
2.10.1 Observatie ................................................................................................................. 58
2.10.2 Eerste hulp ................................................................................................................. 58
2.11 splinter ............................................................................................................................................ 59


6

,Samenvattingen Medical Office Management 2


2.11.1 Observatie ................................................................................................................. 59
2.11.2 Eerste hulp ................................................................................................................. 59




7

,Samenvattingen Medical Office Management 2




DEEL 1: BASISPRINCIPES
1 5 BASISPRINCIPES

1.1 BLIJF KALM

• Stress is normaal
• Zorg voor focus
• Gebruik trucjes om jezelf onder controle te houden
• In eerste instantie is er geen plaats voor emoties
• Gewoon starten

1.2 VERMIJD BESMETTING

• Zorg voor hygiëne
• Was je handen voor en na de handeling
• Gebruik handalcohol
• Zuivere nagels
• Verwijder eigen juwelen
• Gebruik wegwerphandschoenen
• Verzorg je eigen wonden
• Behoud hoest- en nieshygiëne
• Controleer bewustzijn
• Tik op de schouders / praat luid / geef pijnprikkel

Indien wel reactie:

• Laat het slachtoffer liggen
• Praat met het slachtoffer
• Ga na wat er gebeurd is
• Beoordeel de ernst van de toestand (regelmatig)

1.3 HANDEL ALS EEN HULPVERLENER

• Je bent verplicht om te helpen
• Gebruik je gezond verstand
• Handel verantwoordelijk
• Wees niet bang
• Evalueer de situatie
• Jij bent een hulpverlener!

1.3.1 VALKUILEN

• Het zal wel niet erg zijn
• Ik panikeer altijd
• Niemand helpt dus het zal niet nodig zijn
• Iemand anders moet het maar doen
• Wat heb ik er aan
• Ik heb geen tijd
• Ik ben niet verplicht



8

,Samenvattingen Medical Office Management 2


1.3.2 SCHULDIG VERZUIM

• = MISDRIJF
• Het is strafbaar om te verzuimen hulp te bieden aan iemand die in groot gevaar verkeert, terwijl er wel
hulp kon geboden worden zonder zichzelf in gevaar te brengen (art. 422bis Sw.).
• Gevangenisstraf 8 dagen-1 jaar
• €500 boete

1.4 COMFORT SLACHTOFFER

• Verzorg het slachtoffer ter plaatse
• Bescherm het slachtoffer tegen omliggend gevaar
• Overwin weersomstandigheden
• Zorg voor rust
• Zorg voor een comfortabele pijnloze houding van het slachtoffer
• Slachtoffer moet nuchter blijven!!
• Blijf altijd bij het slachtoffer

1.5 PSYCHOSOCIALE HULP

1.5.1 VOOR HET SLACHTOFFER

• Stel jezelf voor
• Spreek het slachtoffer aan met zijn naam
• Situatieschets van het ongeval
• Verklaar de klachten van het slachtoffer
• Zeg wat en waarom je iets gaat doen
• Hulp bij praktische zaken (materiaal, familie bellen, bezittingen)
• Respecteer de autonomie van het slachtoffer

1.5.2 VOOR OMSTAANDERS

• Straal kalmte uit
• Laat andere omstaanders ook helpen onder uw gezag
• Geef informatie
• Eerst slachtoffer daarna omstaanders
• Vermijd discussie
• Kalmeer omstaanders
• Agressie
• Feedback

1.5.3 VOOR DE HULPVERLENER

• Twijfels over de handelingen
• Negatieve uitkomst voor het slachtoffer
• Opgelopen schade (agressie)
• Praten helpt
• Ieder verwerkt trauma op zijn eigen manier
• Geen schande
• Gespecialiseerde hulp
- Huisarts
- Tele-onthaal (106)


9

, Samenvattingen Medical Office Management 2


2 DE 4 STAPPEN VAN EERSTE HULP

2.1 ZORG VOOR VEILIGHEID

• Jezelf
• Het slachtoffer
• De omstaanders

2.2 BEOORDEEL TOESTAND PATIËNT

• Benader wanneer veilig
• Controleer het bewustzijn
• Maak de ademhalingsweg vrij
• Evalueer of er nog ademhaling is
• Ga na wat er gebeurd is

Controleer bewustzijn
Tik op de schouders / praat luid / geef pijnprikkel
Indien wel reactie:
- Laat het slachtoffer liggen
- Praat met het slachtoffer
- Ga na wat er gebeurd is
- Beoordeel de ernst van de toestand (regelmatig)
Indien geen reactie
- Alarmeer
- Leg het slachtoffer op de rug
- Open de luchtweg

Controleer ademhaling
Kijk, voel en luister
Indien wel ademhaling
- Controleer ademhaling elke minuut
- Leg patiënt in stabiele zijligging (indien geen vermoeden wervelletsel)
Indien geen ademhaling
- Roep om hulp
- Laat AED halen
- Start reanimatie

2.3 ALARMEER PROFESSIONELE HULP

• Maak juiste inschatting
• Levensbedreigende situatie
• Gevaar voor vitale functie
• Ernstig letsel
• Ondragelijke pijn
• Geen transport mogelijk
• Blijf bij het slachtoffer
• Bel 112 (Europees nummer) of huisarts
• Laat omstaanders alarmeren terwijl jij de eerste hulp toedient

Wie?

10

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