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Unit 2: The Body’s Response to Acute Exercise
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Physiology of fitnessMusculoskeletal response
The musculoskeletal system consists of muscles, tendons, ligaments, bones and cartilage.
These support your body and enable it to move. The different parts of your musculoskeletal
system operate under the control of the nervous system to produce voluntary movement.
Impulses from the nervous system cause muscles to contracts, it shortens, pulling on the
bone. The skeletal system forms the framework of the body, while muscles from the fleshy
part. They facilitate movement, maintain posture and produce heat.
Increased blood supply - The short term effects of exercise on your muscles include an
increase in temperature and metabolic activity. As a result of this increase in metabolic
activity there is a greater demand for oxygen met by an increase in blood supply through
capillary dilation. The warming of the muscles during activity makes them more pliable and
reduces the risk of injury.
Increased range of movement - The short term effects on your skeletal system are
demonstrated by changes within the joint. Movement of joints stimulates the secretion of
synovial fluid. This fluid also becomes less viscous and the range of movement at the joint
increases.
Muscle fibre micro tears - When you exercise, your muscles are put under stress to the point
that tiny tears occur in the muscle fibres. These micro tears cause swelling in the muscle
tissue which causes pressure on the nerve endings and pain. Training improvements will
only be made if the body has sufficient fuel and rest to repair these micro tears, making the
muscles a little bit stronger than it was before.
All movement requires energy. The methods by which the body generates energy are
determined by the intensity and duration of the activity being undertaken. Activities that
require short bursts of effort, such as sprinting or jumping, require the body to produce large
amounts of energy over a short period, whereas activities like marathon running or
endurance cycling require continued energy production over a longer period and at a slower
rate. It is the energy systems of your body that facilitate these processes. Aerobic energy
system is a long term energy system. If plenty of oxygen is available, as it is during everyday
movements and light exercise, glycogen and fatty acids break down to yield large amounts
of ATP. This produces carbon dioxide and water, which do not affect the muscles ability to
conduct.
Energy continuum is the body’s ability to extract energy from food and transfer it to the
contractile proteins in the muscles determines your capacity to exercise for different
durations at different intensities. The body maintains a continuous supply of energy through
the use of adenosine triphosphate. Which often referred to as the energy currency of the
body. Adenosine triphosphate is a molecule that stores and releases chemical energy for
use in the body.
Sport Creatine phosphate Lactic acid energy Aerobic energy
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