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ATI Nutrition Proctored Exam Study Guide
EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES ALREADY
GRADED A+


Carbohydrates - (correct answer) -Carbs should make up 45-65% of calories. jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl




Function in body: energy, regulate fat/protein metabolism, and are important for cardiac and
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl



CNS functioning.
jl jl




Carbs provide 4 calories/gram of energy.
jl jl jl jl jl




Glycogen - (correct answer) -stored carbohydrate energy in the liver and muscles, released in
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl



between meals to maintain blood glucose levels.
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl




Recommended fiber intake - (correct answer) -25g/day for women jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl




38g/day for men jl jl




Protein - (correct answer) -Protein should make up 10-35% of calories (0.8g/kg)
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl




Function: supports tissue building, metabolism, immune function, maintain nitrogen balance.
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl



Important for wound healing!
jl jl jl jl




Provide 9 calories/gram of energy
jl jl jl jl




Complete proteins: - (correct answer) -Contain sufficient amounts of 9 essential amino acids
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl



(animal sources and soy)
jl jl jl jl




incomplete proteins - (correct answer) -(Plant sources) can be combined to make a complete
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl



protein
jl




Examples of PEM - (correct answer) -Kwashiorkor, Marasmus
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl




Lipds/Fats - (correct answer) -Should make up 20-35% of calories (less than 10% should come
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl



from saturated fat, with a goal of less than 7%)
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl




Functions in body: stored energy for the body, provides padding and insulation. Important
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl



for hormone production and absorption of fat soluble vitamins.
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl

,Fats provide 9 calories/gram of energy
jl jl jl jl jl




Cholesterol - (correct answer) -should be limited to 200-300mg/day
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl




Identify water soluble vs fat soluble vitamins - (correct answer) -Water soluble: Vitamin C, B-
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl



complex (Thiamin B1, Riboflavin B2, Niacin B3, Pyridoxine B6, Pantothenic acid, Biotin,
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl



Folate, Cobalamin B12)
jl jl jl




jl Fat Soluble: Vitamin A, D, E, K.
jl jl jl jl jl jl




Fat soluble vitamins have a risk of toxicity since they are stored in the body for a long time.
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl




Conditions that impair absorption of fat soluble vitamins - (correct answer) -Cystic fibrosis,
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl



Celiac disease, Crohn's Disease.
jl jl jl jl




Vitamin C - (correct answer) -Function: tissue building, metabolism, IRON ABSORPTION.
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl




Foods: citrus fruits.juices, tomatoes, green leafy vegetables, peppers.
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl




Increase during times of stress/illness
jl jl jl jl




Smokers need more. jl jl




Deficiency of Vitamin C - (correct answer) -Scurvy - S/S bleeding, joint pain, swollen gums,
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl




B-Complex - (correct answer) -Function: metabolism, energy, NERVE FUNCTIONING.
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl




Foods: meats, milk, enriched grains, whole grains, legumes, green leafy vegetables.
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl




B-Complex deficiencies - (correct answer) -Deficiency of Thiamin - BERIBERI, common in
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl



those with alcohol use disorder.
jl jl jl jl jl




Riboflavin - cheilosis (cracking at the corner of the mouth, glossitis.)
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl




Folate: can result in NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS in utero.
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl




Cobalamin: PERNICIOUS ANEMIA. Affects strict vegans and those lacking intrinsic factor
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl



(need for absorption of b12)
jl jl jl jl jl




Vitamin A - (correct answer) -Function: VISION HEALTHL skeletal and soft tissue
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl



development/strength.
jl




Foods: orange/yellow fruits and veggies, fatty fish, eggs, liver, dairy products.
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl




Vitamin A deficiency - (correct answer) -vision issues, xerophthalmia (dry/thickened
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl



conjunctiva and cornea)
jl jl jl

, Vitamin D - (correct answer) -Function: helps with ABSORPTION OF CALCIUM and
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl



phosphorus, bone mineralization.
jl jl jl




Foods/sources: Sunlight, fortified milk, fatty fish, eggs. jl jl jl jl jl jl




Vitamin D deficiencies - (correct answer) -Rickets, bone loss
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl




Vitamin E - (correct answer) -Function: Antioxidant (protects cells from damage)
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl




Foods: fat containing foods; vegetable oil, nuts. Dark green vegetables, whole grains.
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl




Vitamin E deficiency - (correct answer) -Rare: muscle pain/weakness, poor balance
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl




Vitamin K - (correct answer) -Function: BLOOD CLOTTING, bone maintenance.
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl




Foods: dark green vegetables, carrots, eggs.
jl jl jl jl jl




VITAMIN K IS ANTIDOTE FOR WARFARIN!
jl jl jl jl jl




Vitamin K deficiencies - (correct answer) -INCREASED BLEEDING TIME
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl




Sodium (Na) - (correct answer) -136-145 mEq/L
jl jl jl jl jl jl




Function: maintains fluid balance in body, nerve and muscle function.
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl




Foods: salt, processed foods.
jl jl jl




Hypernatremia - (correct answer) -Sodium: jl jl jl jl jl




hypervolemia (fluid overload), hypertension jl jl jl




Hyponatremia - (correct answer) -Sodium: jl jl jl jl




CONFUSION (common in the elderly!), muscle cramping, fatigue, n/v, headache
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl




Potassium (K) - (correct answer) -3.5-5.0 mEq/L
jl jl jl jl jl jl




Functions: maintains ICF, nerve function, regulates muscle and heart contractions.
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl




Foods: bananas, potatoes, tomatoes, oranges, cantaloupe, avocados, dark green vegetables.
jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl




Hyperkalemia - (correct answer) -(potassium) jl jl jl jl




DYSRHYTHMIAS, muscle weakness, numbness/tingling, n/v, confusion. jl jl jl jl jl




Hypokalemia - (correct answer) -(potassium) jl jl jl jl




DYSRHYTHMIAS, muscle cramps, constipation. jl jl jl

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