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MCN 568 respiratory Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass nasal flaring - Early sign of respiratory distress. May be present in intubated, ventilated patients Grunting - Commonly seen in early RDS and transient tachypnea. A physiologic response (partial closure of the glottis during expiration)...

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  • February 24, 2025
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  • 2024/2025
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MCN 568 respiratory Exam Questions
and Answers 100% Pass


nasal flaring - ✔✔Early sign of respiratory distress. May be present in intubated,

ventilated patients


Grunting - ✔✔Commonly seen in early RDS and transient tachypnea. A physiologic

response (partial closure of the glottis during expiration) to end-expiratory alveolar

collapse. Grunting helps maintain functional residual capacity and therefore

oxygenation


Retractions - ✔✔Intercostal, subcostal, and sterna retractions are present with decreased

lung compliance or increased airway resistance and may persist during mechanical

ventilation if support is inadequate


tachypnea - ✔✔a respiratory rate >60 implies the inability to generate an adequate tidal

volume and may persist during mechanical ventilation


cyanosis - ✔✔central cyanosis indicates hypoxemia. cyanosis is difficult to appreciate in

the presence of anemia. acrocyanosis is common shortly after birth and is not a

reflection of hypoxemia.



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,abnormal breath sounds - ✔✔inspiratory stridor, expiratory wheezing, and rales should

be appreciable. Unfortunately, unilateral pneumothorax may excape detection on

auscultation.


blood gases - ✔✔management of ventilation, oxygenation, and changes of acid-base-

status is most accurately determined by arterial blood has studies


arterial blood gas studies - ✔✔the most standardized and accepted measure of

respiratory status, especially for the oxygenation of low birthweight infants. invasive

monitoring that requires arterial puncture or indwelling arterial line.


normal blood gas values for term infant - ✔✔Pao2- 80-95


Paco2- 35-45


pH-7.32-7.38


HCO3-24-26


BE/BD-+-3.0


normal blood gas values for preterm (30-36 weeks) - ✔✔Pao2- 60-80


Paco2- 35-45


pH- 7.30-7.35


HCO3-22-25




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,BE/BD- +-3.0


normal blood gas values for preterm <30 weeks - ✔✔Pao2- 45-60


Paco2- 38-50


pH- 7.27-7.32


HCO3- 19-22


BE/BD- +- 4.0


Dexamethasone indication - ✔✔treatment of airway edema prior to extubation. Used in

infants with BPD/CLD to facilitate weaning from the ventilator. improves compliance,

decreases inflammation


dexamethasone action - ✔✔synthetic glucocorticoid. prevents or suppresses

inflammatory and immune response. may reduce edema and scar tissue formation.


dexamethasone adverse effects - ✔✔W/ long term use, increased susceptibility to

infection, osteoporosis, growth retardation, hyperglycemia, F/E imbalance, cataracts,

myopathy, GI perforation and hemorrhage, HTN, and acute adrenal insufficiency.


albuterol - ✔✔Bronchodilator administered via inhalation


albuterol indication - ✔✔used to reduce airway resistance and increase lung compliance

in infants, particularly those with BPD. Infants with severe BPD can have airway




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, smooth muscle hypertrophy and airway hyperreactivity. Also used as a treatment for

bronchospasms.


albuterol adverse effects - ✔✔tachycardia, hypertension, and dysrhythmias. May Need

to hold for increased heart rate.


surfactant actions - ✔✔intended to replace the missing or inactivated natural surfactant

of the infant. Surface tension reduction and stabilization of the alveolar air-water

interface are the basic functions. air-water interface stability imparts lower alveolar

surface tension and prevents atelectasis, or alternating areas of atelectasis and

hyperinflation.


principal proteins of surfactant and are hydrophobic - ✔✔SP-B and SP-C


involved in surface tension reduction, tubular myelin formation, and type II cell

functions - ✔✔SP-B


involved in surface tension reduction and film stability - ✔✔SP-C


hydrophilic; their mRNA is detected earlier than 20-24 weeks - ✔✔SP-A and SP-D


required for tubular myelin formation and play a role in host defense but has little or no

surface-active properties - ✔✔SP-A


not located on lamellar bodies in type II cells and is involved in surface lipid

homeostasis, host defense, and anti-oxidation. - ✔✔SP-D




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