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Electrolyte imbalance Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass Hypokalemia (<3.5mEq/L) Pathophysiology - - Decrease in K+ causes decreased excitability of cells, therefore cells are less responsive to normal stimuli. Think: impaired muscle contraction. Therefore manifestations are usually muscle...

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  • March 2, 2025
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  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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  • Electrolysis
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Electrolyte imbalance Exam Questions
and Answers 100% Pass


Hypokalemia (<3.5mEq/L) Pathophysiology - - ✔✔Decrease in K+ causes decreased

excitability of cells, therefore cells are less responsive to normal stimuli.




Think: impaired muscle contraction. Therefore manifestations are usually muscle and

cardiac related.


source of potassium - ✔✔main source is dietary


mainly from protein rich food and fruits and vegetables. diet usually contains 50 to 100

mEq of K daily. 90% is excreted.




oranges, avocado, spinach, sweet potato, banana




kidneys are the primary route of potassium loss




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,signs of K deficit - ✔✔alkalosis




shallow respirations


irritability


confusion




weakness


arrhythmia


lethargy


thready pulse




decreased intestinal motility


contributing factors to hypokalemia - ✔✔Diuretics


Shift of k+ into cells (from increased insulin therapy)


Digitalis


Water intoxication (dilution)


Corticosteroids


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, GI issues: Diarrhea, Vomiting (most common cause)


Ileostomy drainage


hypokalemia interventions - ✔✔Encourage potassium-rich foods


K+ replacement (IV or PO)


Monitor lab values


D/c potassium-wasting diuretics


Treat underlying cause


Monitor cardiac function


Monitor GI function


when is IV KCl given? - ✔✔infusion rates should not exceed 10 mEq/hour unless

patient is in critical care and when hypokalemia is clinically significant


use ECG monitoring and central line access.




IV KCl administered with infusion pump. monitor IV site every hour for phlebitis




KCl is usually only given when urine output is at least 0.5mL/kg of body weight per

hour.




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