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Electrolyte Imbalances Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass Hyperkalemia (causes) - Acute kidney failure, drugs (NSAIDS, Lisinopril (and other ACE inhibitors), ARBs, antibiotics (PCN and trimethoprim), Azole antifungals, K sparing diuretics (triamterene, amiloride, aldactone)), chronic kidney d...

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  • March 2, 2025
  • 9
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • electrolyte imbalances exam questions and answers

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  • Electrolysis
  • Electrolysis

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Electrolyte Imbalances Exam
Questions and Answers 100% Pass


Hyperkalemia (causes) - ✔✔Acute kidney failure, drugs (NSAIDS, Lisinopril (and other

ACE inhibitors), ARBs, antibiotics (PCN and trimethoprim), Azole antifungals, K

sparing diuretics (triamterene, amiloride, aldactone)), chronic kidney disease, Addison's

disease (adrenal failure), Alcoholism or heavy drug use that causes rhabdomyolyis

(breakdown of muscle releases potassium into the blood stream), destruction of red

blood cells due to severe injury or burn, excessive use of potassium supplements (salt

substitutes), increased sodium intake, decreased phosphorus, Vit D deficiency, DM


Hyperkalemia (S/S) - ✔✔Muscle weakness, fatigue, confusion, nausea, cramping,

decreased DTRs, bradycardia, Peaked T waves, elongated QRS, elongated PR, paralysis

(greater than 7), P waves become flattened


Hyperkalemia (Treatment) - ✔✔Kayexalate, Insulin and glucose (IV) to move K into the

cell, calcium chloride, sodium bicarbonate to correct metabolic acidosis


Hypokalemia (causes) - ✔✔Chronic kidney disease, DKA, diarrhea, excessive alcohol

use, excessive laxative use, excessive sweating, folic acid deficiency, diuretics, vomiting,



100% Pass Guarantee Emilly Charllote, All Rights Reserved © 2025 1

, primary aldosteronism, Lasix, epi, amnioglycosides (antibiotic), bronchodilators,

decreased magnesium (magnesium helps transport K)


Hypokalemia ( S/S) - ✔✔Weakness, fatigue, muscle cramps, constipation, flaccid

paralysis, flat or invert T waves, U waves, ST depression


Hypokalemia (treatment) - ✔✔Address underlying issue (improving diet, treating

diarrhea, stopping offending medicine), mild hypokalemia - oral potassium

supplements and K rich foods (leafy green vegatables, tomatoes, coconut water, citrus

fruits, bananas). Severe hypokalemia - IV supplementation (no faster than 20-25 meq/hr

due to risk of ventricular trachycardias) (infusion may burn - central line preferred)


Hypernatremia (causes) - ✔✔Hypovolemia, extreme sweating, severe diarrhea, DI


Hypernatremia (S/S) - ✔✔thirst, dry mouth, lethargy, weakness, irritability,

neuromuscular excitability, edema, seizures, coma


Hypernatremia (treatment) - ✔✔Iv fluids, if Hypernatremia is from DI - ADH must be

given (DDAVP). Don't replace too quickly can cause cerebral edema


Hyponatremia (causes) - ✔✔heart, liver or kidney dysfunction, thiazide diuretics,

ecstasy use, NSAIDs, CHF, nephrotic syndrome, cirrhosis, renal failure, diarrhea,

emesis, ileus, pancreatitis, diuretic use, Addison's, SIADH, hypothyroidism


Hyponatremia (S/S) - ✔✔usually start at 125 or lower - N/V, H/A, seizures, lethargy,

respiratory distress, coma


100% Pass Guarantee Emilly Charllote, All Rights Reserved © 2025 2

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