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BIO 345 Final Exam UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers Which statement is correct? a. Selection acts on mutations b. Selection acts on phenotypes c. Selection acts on genotypes d. Selection acts on alleles - CORRECT ANSWER - B Thinking about mutations in coding regio...

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  • 3. märz 2025
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BIO 345 Final Exam UPDATED ACTUAL
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Which statement is correct?
a. Selection acts on mutations
b. Selection acts on phenotypes
c. Selection acts on genotypes

d. Selection acts on alleles - CORRECT ANSWER -B


Thinking about mutations in coding regions, which statements are true?
(1) A non synonymous mutation results in premature termination of translation.
(2) A nonsense mutation changes the amino acid.
(3) A nonsense mutation results in premature termination of translation.
a. (1)and(2)
b. (1)and(3)
c. (2) and (3)
d. All of the above

e. None of the above - CORRECT ANSWER -C


Which statements are true?
(1) Mutations in regulatory regions change the amino acids encoded by a gene.
(2) Nonsynonymous mutations in coding regions are strong candidates for disease-causing
mutations.
a. (1) only
b. (2) only
c. (1) and (2)

d. Neither (1) nor (2) - CORRECT ANSWER -B

,The genome can broadly be divided into:
a. DNA,RNA,protein
b. Transcriptome,Proteome,Metabalome
c. Amino acids, noncoding RNA, transcription factor binding sites

d. Coding,Regulatory,Non-functional - CORRECT ANSWER -D


Choose the statement that is false.
a. A frameshift deletion is expected to change down stream amino acids encoded by a sequence.
b. Humans have a larger genome than fruit flies, so humans are more complex.
c. An in-frame deletion is not expected to affect the downstream amino acids that are encoded by
the sequence.

d. About 2% of the human genome encodes for genes. - CORRECT ANSWER -B


Which of the following is an assumption of the Hardy-Weinberg principle?
a. New mutations are frequently lost
b. New mutations can drift to high frequency in small populations
c. New mutations can drift to high frequency in large populations

d. New mutations do not occur - CORRECT ANSWER -D


In a population that has always been in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium and does not violate any
HWE assumptions, if there are no heterozygotes at a particular locus, then:
a. There were never multiple alleles at the locus.
b. Selection likely removed the heterozygotes.
c. Only a subset of the population reproduced and one allele drifted to
fixation at that locus.
d. Migration from a neighboring population wiped out variation at this locus. - CORRECT
ANSWER -A


Thinking about the evolution of populations, which statement is true?

,a. The process of non-adaptive evolution can include selection.
b. The process of non-adaptive evolution does not include selection.
c. The process of adaptive evolution is more common across life than non-
adaptive evolution.
d. The process of adaptive evolution can include neutral variation. - CORRECT
ANSWER -A


Choose the correct statement:
a. Populations that follow all assumptions of Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) evolve faster
than those that violate at least one assumption of HWE.
b. Populations that follow all assumptions of HWE evolve slower than those that violate at least
one assumption of HWE.
c. Populations that do not violate HWE assumptions cannot evolve.

d. Populations that violate HWE assumptions cannot evolve. - CORRECT ANSWER -C


A translocation occurs when:
a. A segment of a chromosome is inverted.
b. A segment of a chromosome is moved from one chromosome to anon- homologous
chromosome.
c. A segment of a chromosome is removed from the genome.

d. A segment of a chromosome is copied. - CORRECT ANSWER -B


New influenza strains spread quickly, but then have reduced fitness when they become common.
This is best characterized as:
a. Balancing selection
b. Heterozygote advantage
c. Positive frequency dependent selection

d. Negative frequency dependent selection - CORRECT ANSWER -D

, The fitness (wAA) of the homozygous dominant genotype (AA) is 0.62, and the selective
coefficient (s) of the homozygous recessive genotype (aa) is 0. What is the selective coefficient
(s) of the heterozygous genotype (Aa)?
a. 0
b. 0.38
c. 0.62

d. 1 - CORRECT ANSWER -B


In a very large population, the starting allele frequencies of both the dominant and recessive
alleles are 0.5. Over many generations, if the dominant allele is beneficial (increases fitness) the
recessive allele is expected to:
a. persist, but at a low level
b. be lost quickly in the population
c. increase to fixation

d. be maintained at its initial frequency - CORRECT ANSWER -A


A disorder that causes nearsightedness is caused by a genetic mutation. Nearsightedness was
harmful to people living on a small island because they relied on sight to interpret their
surroundings. In the 1600s, a huge storm killed many of the people on the island. Before the
storm, 0.1% of the people had this disorder. Of the 50 people who survived the storm, 2% were
nearsighted. Within a few generations, 10% of the islanders were nearsighted.
If we infer that the frequency of nearsighted individuals could be evidence for genetic drift,
which of the following statements are true?
(1) Nearsightedness must have become more common through natural selection.
(2) Nearsightedness must have become more common through new mutations
a. Both (1) and (2)
b. Neither (1) nor (2)
c. Only (1)

d. Only (2) - CORRECT ANSWER -B

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