Met deze samenvatting kun je je goed voorbereiden op de toelatingstoets van de pabo. Zelf heb ik er ook nog een zomercursus bij gevolgd waar in werd verteld wat er vaak in de toetsen voorkwam. Al deze punten staan dus ook in de samenvatting.
Emma Huls
Toelatingstoets Pabo 2020/2021
Saxion Enschede
1
,Inhoud
Hoofdstuk 2: .......................................................................................................................................... 7
Breedteligging: .................................................................................................................................. 8
Lengteligging: .................................................................................................................................... 9
Ligging van plaatsen op aarde: .................................................................................................... 10
Endogene krachten ........................................................................................................................ 11
Opbouw van de aarde:............................................................................................................... 11
Wat gebeurt er in de aarde: ...................................................................................................... 11
De platen van de aarde: ............................................................................................................ 12
Platentektoniek............................................................................................................................ 12
Gevolgen van het bewegen van aardplaten: .......................................................................... 12
Explosieve vulkanen................................................................................................................... 13
Effusieve vulkanen ..................................................................................................................... 13
Bijzondere eilanden .................................................................................................................... 14
Wegduiken ................................................................................................................................... 14
Exogene krachten ....................................................................................................................... 14
Het ontstaan van de Alpen: ....................................................................................................... 14
Verschil tussen jong en oud gebergte: .................................................................................... 15
Erosie............................................................................................................................................ 16
Sediment gesteente / afzettingsgesteente: ............................................................................ 16
Metamorf gesteente ................................................................................................................... 17
Stollingsgesteente ...................................................................................................................... 17
Sedimentgesteente..................................................................................................................... 17
Het ontstaan van gletsjers ......................................................................................................... 17
Het einde van een gletsjer: ....................................................................................................... 17
Na de ijstijd: ................................................................................................................................. 17
De bovenloop van de Rijn ......................................................................................................... 17
Ontstaan waterval Schaffhausen ............................................................................................. 17
Hoofdstuk 3: ........................................................................................................................................ 18
Het weer: .......................................................................................................................................... 18
Weerelement: temperatuur ....................................................................................................... 18
Weerelement: neerslag .............................................................................................................. 18
Weerelement: wind ..................................................................................................................... 19
Klimaat en klimaatverandering: .................................................................................................... 21
Broeikaseffec ............................................................................................................................... 22
Natuurlijk broeikaseffect ............................................................................................................ 22
2
, Versterkt broeikaseffect ............................................................................................................. 22
Klimaatverandering: ................................................................................................................... 22
Klimaatsysteem van Köppen .................................................................................................... 23
Vijf soorten klimaten ................................................................................................................... 23
Kenmerken per klimaat: ............................................................................................................. 24
Hoe bereken je tot welk klimaat een gebied behoort: ........................................................... 25
Hoofdstuk 4: ........................................................................................................................................ 25
Het Pleistoceen ............................................................................................................................... 25
Pregalciaal ....................................................................................................................................... 26
Saalien.............................................................................................................................................. 26
De vorming van stuwwallen: ..................................................................................................... 26
Eemien: ............................................................................................................................................ 27
Weichsel ........................................................................................................................................... 27
Holoceen: laag Nederland ............................................................................................................. 27
Einde ijstijd:...................................................................................................................................... 27
Oprukkend ijs............................................................................................................................... 28
Sporen uit de ijstijd: .................................................................................................................... 29
Hoofdstuk 5: ........................................................................................................................................ 29
Bevolking: ........................................................................................................................................ 29
Demografie .................................................................................................................................. 30
Bevolkingsspreiding- en dichtheid wereldwijd ........................................................................ 31
Klimaatgebieden wereldwijd...................................................................................................... 31
Demografisch transitiemodel .................................................................................................... 32
Leeftijdsdiagram.......................................................................................................................... 34
Europese Unie: ............................................................................................................................... 35
Samenwerking in Europa: ......................................................................................................... 35
Landen met de euro: .................................................................................................................. 35
Landen in de EU met een andere valuta ................................................................................ 36
Brexit:............................................................................................................................................ 36
Welvaart: .......................................................................................................................................... 36
Betekenis Welvaart..................................................................................................................... 36
Betekenis Welzijn ....................................................................................................................... 36
IMO ............................................................................................................................................... 36
Bruto Nationaal Product wereldwijd: ........................................................................................ 37
BNP ............................................................................................................................................... 37
BNP ............................................................................................................................................... 37
3
, Basisbehoefte.............................................................................................................................. 37
Migratie:............................................................................................................................................ 39
Betekenis Migratie ...................................................................................................................... 39
Soorten migratie wereldwijd: ..................................................................................................... 39
Urbanisatie ................................................................................................................................... 39
Suburbanisatie ............................................................................................................................ 39
Re-urbanisatie ............................................................................................................................. 39
Cultuur: ............................................................................................................................................. 40
Betekenis Cultuur ....................................................................................................................... 40
Godsdiensten wereldwijd:.......................................................................................................... 41
Betekenis Grens ......................................................................................................................... 41
Kunstmatige grens ...................................................................................................................... 41
Natuurlijke grens ......................................................................................................................... 41
Politieke grens ............................................................................................................................. 42
Hoofdstuk 6: ........................................................................................................................................ 42
Verschillende soorten landbouw .................................................................................................. 42
Activiteiten akkerbouw: .................................................................................................................. 42
Spreiding van de landbouw is afhankelijk van: .......................................................................... 42
Concurrentie in de landbouw: ....................................................................................................... 42
Landbouw heeft veel invloed op de natuur en het milieu. ........................................................ 43
Hoofdstuk 7: ........................................................................................................................................ 43
Betekenis absoluut ......................................................................................................................... 43
Betekenis relatief ............................................................................................................................ 43
Absolute afstand ............................................................................................................................. 43
Relatieve afstand ............................................................................................................................ 43
Industrie: .......................................................................................................................................... 44
Vestigingsfactoren ...................................................................................................................... 44
Beïnvloeding van de overheid: ..................................................................................................... 45
Bronnen van energie ...................................................................................................................... 45
Energie ......................................................................................................................................... 45
Elektriciteit:................................................................................................................................... 46
Uitputbare energiebronnen: .......................................................................................................... 47
Fossiele brandstoffen: ................................................................................................................ 47
1. Steenkool ............................................................................................................................. 47
2. Aardolie ................................................................................................................................ 47
3. Aardgas ................................................................................................................................ 48
4
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