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Samenvatting hoorcollege 4
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Samenvatting hoorcollege 4 - Virusziekten uu
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Virusziekten samenvatting HC.4There are many routes to entry into a cell.
One of the ways to be transported to the early
endosome is by clathrin-dependent endocytosis.
De membranen van het plasmamembraan en het ER verschillen best wel van elkaar. Bij het
PM zijn de lipiden hetrogeen gedistribueerd op twee manieren:
Het PM is asymmetrisch en het ER is
symmetrisch. Dit wil zeggen dat er
verticaal andere lipiden in de lagen zitten
bij het PM. De asymmetrie in het PM
wordt veroorzaakt door Flippase (verticale
heterogeniteit).
Bij het PM is er domein formatie en bij
het ER niet. Hierdoor heb je bij het PM
lateraal verschil door deze lipid rafts
(laterale heterogeniteit).
So cellular membranes differ in lipid composition, transbilayer distribution and lateral lipid
distribution (rafts)
Er zijn drie groepen van membraan lipiden in zoogdier cellen: glycolipiden, sphingolipiden en
sterolen. Glycerofosfolipiden kunnen verschillende hoofdgroepen hebben. De lading van de
lipiden blijft altijd wel negatief of neutraal.
Sphingolipiden hebben een sphingosine
backbone in plaats van een glycerol. In de
synthese wordt eerst ceramide gemaakt en
vanuit daar wordt of een sphingomyelin of
cerebroside gemaakt.
, Analysis of lipid composition
1. Lipid extraction
2. Analysis of lipid extract
HPLC: lipid classes
TLC on silica-coated glass: lipid classes
Mass spectrometry: classes and molecular species
Gas chromagraphy of methyl esters of fatty acids: acyl chain composition
Why are there so many different membrane lipids?:
To maintain membrane physical properties
To enable specific molecular recognition
The phospholipid class and acyl chain composition determine physical properties of the
membrane:
Membrane fluidity PL class composition, sterol content
Membrane thickness acyl chain length: C14-C24
Membrane surface charge PS, PI, CL are negatively charged
Membrane intrinsic curvature cylindrical vs. conical lipid
Non-bilayer lipids give special packing
properties.
Lipiden kunnen veel verschillende
vormen hebben en daarmee ook
verschillende fases vormen.
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