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Bio 345 EXAM 2 Questions and Answers 100% Pass Parthenogenesis - A form of asexual reproduction where development of the embryo does not require fertilization (sperm not necessary). Cloning ones self. Only 1% of plants do this. Only 0.15 of animals do this. Bdelloid rotifers - over 300 species...

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Bio 345 EXAM 2 Questions and
Answers 100% Pass

Parthenogenesis - ✔✔A form of asexual reproduction where development

of the embryo does not require fertilization (sperm not necessary). Cloning

ones self. Only 1% of plants do this. Only 0.15 of animals do this.

Bdelloid rotifers - ✔✔over 300 species - all cloned females, asexual

reproduction for 100 million years.

group of small aquatic animals has lived in sexual abstinence for more than

100 million years

Twofold cost of males - ✔✔If all else is equal, the production of males in a

sexual population reduces its reproductive potential by a factor of two

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,Why is asexual reproduction more effective than sexual reproduction (in

accordance to population size) - ✔✔In short, a mutation for asexual

reproduction enjoys a 100 percent fitness advantage over an allele for

sexual reproduction, and it will spread to fixation in only a handful of

generations

What is the evolutionary advantage to parthenogenesis? - ✔✔No need to

find a mate! Helpful in Amphioxous. Also helps in the ability to colonize a

new habitat.

Also, no risk of sexually transmitted diseases.

What is the most fundamental feature of sexual reproduction (advantage) -

✔✔It causes genetic mixing: zygotes carry combinations of alleles inherited

from two parents. In most eukaryotes, the mixing results from segregation

and recombination that happen during meiosis, and then fusion of the

sperm and egg.

What form of reproduction is more common in changing environments? -

✔✔Sexual reproduction.

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, Red Queen Hypothesis - ✔✔the hypothesis that sexual selection allows

hosts to evolve at a rate that can counter the rapid evolution of parasites

Example of Red Queen Hypothesis - ✔✔New Zealand mud snail

(Potamopyrgus antipodarum), which has both sexual and asexual

genotypes. Populations that are exposed to higher densities of parasites

have higher frequencies of sexually reproducing individuals. Furthermore,

because sexual females have lower infection rates, the fitness of sexual

females is sometimes more than twice that of asexual females.

How can parasites and pathogens BENEFIT from genetic mixing by

recombination? - ✔✔People develop immunity to the genotypes of

influenza virus they have been exposed to. New outbreaks result when a

novel viral genotype is produced that can efficiently infect humans. The

genome of the influenza virus is not a single molecule, as in most viruses.

Instead, its genome is broken into eight segments of RNA. This

arrangement is an adaptation that enhances recombination. You can think

of the next outbreak of the flu as a dramatic demonstration of the

evolutionary power of recombination.

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