BIOL133 TEST 2 QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS| 100% CORRECT
3 reasons we need cholesterol
1) cell membrane synthesis
2) bile synthesis
3) steroid hormone synthesis (testosterone, estrogen, etc.)
similarities between LDL and HDL
- both carry cholesterol, lipid protein
- made in liver
Saturated fats
- have more H bonds (carbon single-bonds)
- pack better (straight)
- solid at room temp
- come from animals
- bad for you
Unsaturated fats
- don't have as many H bonds (carbon double-bonds)
- pack poorly (kinked)
- liquid at room temp
- come from plants
Trans fats
- bad for you
- omega 3 or 6
- hydrogenated
- cis or trans
, factors that influence glycemic index
1) fiber in diet
2) protein in diet
3) fat index
4) structure of carbohydrates
(monosaccharides & disaccharides have higher GI > polysaccharides GI)
* rate of absorption from the gut highly influences glycemic index (GI)
primary symptoms of diabetes mellitus
1) high blood glucose/sugar
2) excessive urination
hormones that regulate blood sugar
1) insulin
- released after a meal, increases glucose uptake in fat, muscle, and liver
2) glucagon
- causes the liver to produce and release glucose
type I diabetes
- body cannot produce enough insulin, insulin deficient/dependent (really sensitive to insulin)
- acquired from destruction of beta cells in the pancreas; pancreas stops producing insulin
- childhood onset
- insulin pump
type II diabetes
- insulin resistance/cells become less responsive to insulin or insufficient insulin is produced
- adult onset, highly heritable
- exercise- causes glucose uptake in muscles independent of insulin
digestion of fats- gallbladder
ANSWERS| 100% CORRECT
3 reasons we need cholesterol
1) cell membrane synthesis
2) bile synthesis
3) steroid hormone synthesis (testosterone, estrogen, etc.)
similarities between LDL and HDL
- both carry cholesterol, lipid protein
- made in liver
Saturated fats
- have more H bonds (carbon single-bonds)
- pack better (straight)
- solid at room temp
- come from animals
- bad for you
Unsaturated fats
- don't have as many H bonds (carbon double-bonds)
- pack poorly (kinked)
- liquid at room temp
- come from plants
Trans fats
- bad for you
- omega 3 or 6
- hydrogenated
- cis or trans
, factors that influence glycemic index
1) fiber in diet
2) protein in diet
3) fat index
4) structure of carbohydrates
(monosaccharides & disaccharides have higher GI > polysaccharides GI)
* rate of absorption from the gut highly influences glycemic index (GI)
primary symptoms of diabetes mellitus
1) high blood glucose/sugar
2) excessive urination
hormones that regulate blood sugar
1) insulin
- released after a meal, increases glucose uptake in fat, muscle, and liver
2) glucagon
- causes the liver to produce and release glucose
type I diabetes
- body cannot produce enough insulin, insulin deficient/dependent (really sensitive to insulin)
- acquired from destruction of beta cells in the pancreas; pancreas stops producing insulin
- childhood onset
- insulin pump
type II diabetes
- insulin resistance/cells become less responsive to insulin or insufficient insulin is produced
- adult onset, highly heritable
- exercise- causes glucose uptake in muscles independent of insulin
digestion of fats- gallbladder
