Summary
Summary Genetics and Genetic Engineering
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Comprehensive summary of genetics and genetic engineering for grade 12.
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Some examples from this set of practice questions
1.
What is genetics?
Answer: A branch of biology that studies hereditary and variation in organisms. It tries to explain both the similarities and differences between parents and their offspring.
2.
Hereditary
Answer: Passing on of traits / characteristics from one generation to the next.
3.
Gene
Answer: A section of DNA that controls a hereditary trait.
4.
How active are genes?
Answer: Although each cell contains a full complement of DNA, only the genes that are needed are activated.
5.
Hox genes
Answer: Master control genes that determine the way in which the body develops from a single zygote.
6.
Allele
Answer: One of two or more forms of a gene.
7.
How are alleles represented?
Answer: When describing characteristics, they are represented by means of letters. The capital letters denote the dominant allele and the lower case letters represent the recessive allele.
8.
What happens to the gametes?
Answer: During fertilisation, a male gamete fuses with a female gamete to form a diploid zygote. This divides and divides by mitosis to form an entire new organism of cells, each with the same set of chromosomes and alleles as in the zygote.
9.
Genotype
Answer: Made up of all the genes an organism carries on its chromosomes which it has inherited from its parents.
10.
Phenotype
Answer: The physical appearance of an organism.
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