CITP EXAM 4 Questions & Answers correct

CITP EXAM 4 Questions & Answers correct Types of electronic surveillance 1. Audio Surveillance 2. Video Surveillance 3. (Tracking) Electronic Surveillance Define Electronic Surveillance Use of electronic surveillance equipment to monitor/record events, can include video or image capture. 2 types of audio intercepts devices 1. Recorder - just records audio primarily used for collecting evidence, but you have to wait until the meet is over to recover the recording. Body worn, digital, record time, audio quality. 2. Transmitter - transmits audio to another devie, can also record. Officer safety as they provide real-time transmission. What is Audio Intercept Consensual (one-party) not unlawful for a person acting under color of law to intercept a wire, oral, or electronic communication. define VIDEO SURVEILLANCE and two systems that function this. Systems that are both covert and overt, they can be fixed or mobile, wire or wireless. most of the time uses internet / wifi. IP- based video surveillance system, sometimes referred to as POLE CAM In-Place CCTV systems - security systems. Define surveillance An continuous -ongoing process of monitoring people, place, or things in order to gather intel about case What are some traits of a surveillant Tangible - psychological, good condition, eye sight Intangible - patience, perseverance, adaptation What is MEID Mobile Equipment Identifier What are some cellphone device extraction Physical - most complex Logical - LEO preferred Manuel - lease complex Define Electronic Tracking Ready availability and affordability of these systems allows LEO to efficiently, accurately and safely track the movement of vehicles, packages or persons. MUST NEED A WARRANT TO INSTALL What are 2 types of Electronic Tracking systems 1. GPS - uses cellular 2. RF/ Beacon - sends out signal via radio waves; receives by device tuned to same frequency. Two types of GPS trackers systems are called 1. Memory trackers - records location data, must retrieve to access data. - pros: cheap, simple to install, detailed list of movements. - cons: can't view on-demand, have to wait for info. Lose the target, lost the tracker. 2. Live trackers - Transmits location data. - pros: real-time data via remote access, some can remotely control target vehicle. - cons: pricely, need good cell coverage. both types need search warrant. Electronic Countermeasures Devices purchased by the bad guys to detect of thwart electronic surveillance. Jammers, RF detectors. Are illegal. Why use Electronic Surveillance Equipment (ESE) - enhances sight/sound - monitor/record in real-time - preserves crime scene - sources of irrefutable evidence - safety - Usually results in guilty pleas rather than trials Purposes of ESE 1. gather evidence 2. protect UC's/Informants 3. Document crime as it happens what is WTAG Wi-Fi Tools for Analysis and Geolocation - to locate specific device. (child pornography, terrorism, Human trafficking's cases). Identify some considerations for using ESE - Must tell the the person using the ESE how to work the device. What to do and what not to do - Person using it must be aware of potential issues - Technical person must do a site survey and ops plans - Must be justified, balance vs. cost. - PLACE the microphone in the equidistant location "middle of conversation" - PLACE the microphone on the chest if its used by person. - PLACE antenna VERTICAL. - Approval needs to come from head of agency or designee Duress signals. (audio and signal) What is the preamble? when using ESE record information about what your doing, to include name, location, date and time... etc. but should never identify equipment being used. Friction Ridge Skin is only found on two areas of the skin 1. Palmer surface of the hand 2. Plantar surface of the foot the Human fingerprint the most widely used method of scientific identification in the worldwide criminal justice system. What is AFIS? Automated Fingerprint Identification System What is IAFIS Holds the largest biometric database in the world. 72+ million criminal files and 53+ million + civil files. - mug shots - scars, etc.. - civil fingerprints and military prints. Red finger print cards are used for who? for criminal processing, have prisoner sign before printing card. Blue finger print cards are used for who? for used for applicants (employment) explain the proper fingerprint print capture "rolled" or machine. Left to right - Nail edge to Nail edge Top to Bottom - Fingertip to 1/4 in below the first joint/crease Fingerprint boxes Rolled impressions - boxes 1-10 Plain/pressed impressions - bottom 3 boxes name the required fields on FD-249 - must be filled in Name ORI # DOB Sex Charge Fingerprint Impressions charges - list in simple / literal terms What is an R-84 form? Final Disposition Report - must submit to FBI after final disposition on criminal charges on suspect for who you submitted FD-249 ID some of the Biometric Databases IDENT - DHS CJIS - FBI CODIS - FBI Major Case Prints explain the process and cards used A systematic recording of the friction ridge detail appearing on the palmar sides of the hands. This includes the extreme sides of the palms, joints, tips, and sides of the fingers (also known as complete friction ridge exemplars). taking print of the entire hand. 5 total impression cards - 1 (249) - 2 (884 right and left hand) entire hand roll with a cylinder - 2 (884a right and left hand) 45angle, rolled, 45angle, finger tips Collection of the "Major Case Print" Collection - 5 cards per suspect; taken via INK not digital. 1 card of the FD-249 2 cards of the FD-884 2 cards of the FD-884a Supplemental finger and palm print (1 hand) FD-884 describe the process - Ink applied to palm via roller - card mounted onto cylindrical object w/ diameter of 3+ inches. - Also collect blade of the hand FD-884a describe the process 5 impressions of each finger - 45 degree left edge - flat - 45 degree right edge - full finger roll (nail edge to nail edge) - fingertip roll what is a Buccal Collection Kit used for convicted offenders Used to collect a person's DNA for convicted offenders. the profile analysis is stored in CODIS - FBI database To collect Buccal collection kit explain details Fill out FD-936. DNA entry form - put fingerprints Required Unique Identifier (FABS) FBI Alien BOP # SSN Scrape in suspects mouth against cheeks for 8 times Types of clandestine labs: 1. Red Phosphorous 2. Birch Reduction / Nazi Identify chemicals used in the manufacture of methamphetamines - Red Phosphorous (from matches and road flares) produces phosphine gas - Iodine - Anhydrous ammonia - Precursor (Pseudoephedrine and/or ephedrine) - acetone, camp fuel, brake cleaner - Lithium batteries. What should you do if you encounter a clandestine lab? Do Not touch, or smell the chemicals observe from distance notify clan lab unit secure the area. 18 USC 3109 knock and announce statue what does the Knock and announce tell you 1. Knock 2. Announce purpose 3. Demand entry "police search warrant, open the door" when can you force entry into dwelling after 18 usc 3109 if refused entry, but must wait a reasonable amount of time after Knock and announce. Police authorized to use force if entry is refused. what are some exceptions to 18 USC 3109 1. Danger to LEO or innocent person 2. Hot Pursuit 3. Destruction of evidence 4. Buy-bust with undercover LEO already inside Examples of denial to open the door after 18 USC 3109 anything inside indicating that the police is not welcome regardless of the warrant. - go away - you hear evidence being destroyed - gunfire - verbals Who is authorized to issue federal search warrants? 1. US Magistrate Judge 2. US District Court Judge 3. State judge "court of record" - but talk to AUSA first. 4. Circuit Court of appeals judge 5. Supreme Court Justice. Must be a search within their district for them to sign. Search Warrant definition Document issued by a neutral and detached judge authorizing LEO to search what must you have for a Search Warrant known as "Standard for a SW" Must have PC - must have for a ________ Who can request a federal search warrant? FED LEO or AUSA may request the fed sw 4th amendment requires that every SW must particularly describe what? The place to be searched items to be seized The layout of a SW contains attachment A, B , and C. describe each Attachment A- WHERE is the SW (describe it very good) B - WHAT are you looking for (be specific but broad) C - PC and FACTS (facts and circumstances - not conclusions. What is a Telephonic Search Warrant its an issue of time sensitive that this warrant be signed now. - Must call FED judge, not state judge - Judge records call and authorizes LEO to sign copy for judge - LEO prepares the exact duplicate of SW and reads it to the judge. - after the SW, LEO signs original warrant When can you serve a Search Warrant - Generally times are from 6am - 10pm (daytime)., unless warrant indicates otherwise - Magistrate judge can direct date but search can't exceed longer than 14 days from signature. What can you seize from a SW evidence of crime contraband fruits of the crime anything listed in the SW Describe "TERRY" in a SW op you can detain or frisk those present if in accordance with TERRY. Ok if you believe reasonable suspicion that criminal activity is afoot. - reasonable force is okay (objectively reasonable) - you can frisk if you believe they are presently armed and dangerous. Explain the Premise Search Warrant pertaining to vehicles. you can search a vehicle if the vehicle is located within the curtilage of the dwelling, but if its on the side road or outside the curtilage you can't - bc the vehicle may contain evidence. - It if belongs to occupants of the house YES! - overnight guest YES! - Criminal visitor YES! What can LEO do with people present on premise while doing a SW Occupants on premise you can detain (SUMMERS DOCTRINE) - prevents flight in case evidence is found - minimizes risk of harm to occupants and LEO's - includes person who show up at the SW - you cant apprehend them at another location and bring them to the SW location. Warrant, when is the LEO officially done with the SW - when the LEO finds everything that was on the SW - LEO's search everywhere items could be located - there is no time limit (as long as its continuous and ongoing) explain the process of what to do when the SW is complete - Complete inventory return on back of warrant - complete items seized - leave copy of items seized with person or conspicuous place Explain the purpose of a protective sweep - sweep of entire premises to secure it for a safe search - sweep to may include anywhere a person could hide. if you see something in plain view, you may seize it. What is the Carroll Doctrine? A warrant less search of a motor vehicle by a peace officer who has probable cause to believe the vehicle contains incriminating items subject to seizure. - Mobile Conveyance - PC evidence inside vehicle - Conveyance is in a public place Mobile conveyance must in working order. Carroll vs US 1925 Identify when warrantless searches are allowed during Exigent Circumstances 1. Exigent Circumstances 2. Destruction of evidence 3. Hot pursuit 4. Emergency Scene 3 reasons of why do a SIA 1. Weapons 2. Prevent destruction of evidence 3. Discover means of escape Identify the requirements and scope of a search incident to a lawful arrest. SIA = a warrantless search made immediately upon arresting an individual 1. Lawful arrest 2. Simultaneously contemporaneous 3. areas accessible to subject SIA of a person when you make an arrest, you can thoroughly search suspect. - in field: (do crush and feel) - at station: can do strip search, but not cavity - can look inside locked and unlocked containers carried by arrestee - search within the area of immediate are of control (lunging area) chimel vs gant applies. Consensual searches, Voluntariness of Search Factors: Age, education, intelligence, Nature of questioning (badgering), Physical punishment, Suspect's cooperation, Alcohol/Drug impairment. Threats/promises/misrepresentations, Knowledge of right to refuse consent what is actual authority? Individual actually owns or controls an item, i.e., the person has REP in that area, Individual who has mutual use/joint access over an item or area may consent to a search, Property issue is not dispositive, i.e., don't need to own to have REP (rental veh, renting apartments, etc.)