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with Approved Answers | Latest 2025/2026. i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
Define science i,- i,-i,- i,- Striving to solidify facts by using objective
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evidence
What are the three levels of analysis?
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Level of the brain
i,- focus on both the activity of the brain and
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the structure and properties of the organ itself: brain cells and
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their connections, the chemical liquid in which they exist, and the
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genes that give rise to them.
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Level of the person
i,- i,- i,- i,-i,- i,- focus on mental events, the contents and
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functions of the mind i,- i,- i,-
divide mental events into two types, mental contents and mental
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processes
Define mental contents i,- consist of knowledge; beliefs i,- i,-i,- i,- i,- i,- i,- i,-
(including ideas, explanations, and expectations); desires (such as
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hopes, goals, and needs); and feelings (such as fear, sadness, joy,
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and guilt).
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,Define mind nonphysical manifestation of the brain's activity.
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What the brain DOES.
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Define behavior The outwardly observable acts of a person,
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either alone or in a group
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Define mental processes consist of sets of operations that
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work together to complete a function, such as attention,
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perception, or memory. These operations are like the chopping,
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measuring, and mixing that goes into cooking, and the different
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mental contents are analogous to different ingredients in cooking.
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Level of the group
i,- focus on the ways collections of people
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(as few as two or as many as a society) shape the mind and
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behavior.
To study human minds and behavior, psychologists often look at
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specific groups of people. Groups can vary in their demographics
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and organization. Some groups are official, such as the Girl
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Scouts or the Knights of Columbus. Other groups are studied
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based on their demographics, such as groups that include only
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one type of culture, a specific age range, or only one sex.
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,Structuralism i,-i,- i,- Wundt
Uses introspection to discover the elements of the mind and rules
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for combining them
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Functionalism i,-i,- i,- James
Studies WHY thoughts, feelings, and behavior occur and how
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they are adaptive.
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Gestalt Psychology i,- i,-i,- i,- Wertheimer
Focus on overall patterns of thoughts or experience; "the whole is
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more than the sum of its parts."
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Psychodynamic Theory i,- i,-i,- i,- Freud
Conflicts among conscious and unconscious forces underlie many
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thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. i,- i,- i,-
Behaviorism i,-i,- i,- Watson and Skinner i,- i,-
, Behavior is the appropriate focus of psychology and it can be
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understood by studying stimuli, responses, and the consequences
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of responses.
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Humanistic Psychology i,- i,-i,- i,- Maslow and Rogers i,- i,-
Belief that people have positive values, free will, and deep inner
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creativity; inspired the positive psychology movement.
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Cognitive Psychology i,- i,-i,- i,- Neisser
Mental events correspond to information that is stored and
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processed, analogous to information processing in a computer.
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Cognitive Neuroscience Structure of the mind can be
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understood by learning how mental events arise from brain
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function.
Feminist and multicultural psychology
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convention walk out i,- i,-