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Cognitive psychology exam 3 lecture notes
- Grado
- EXP3604C
- Institución
- Florida State University
Lecture notes for exam 3
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Chapter 6Acquisition of memory and working memory
Learning objectives
Apply the general framework of memory to theoretical models
Differentiate between working memory and long-term memory
Demonstrate how we measure and understand working memory in a
variety of contexts
Dive into the mechanisms of learning/encoding and retrieval from LTM
General framework for memory
Three broad steps
o Acquisition
Gaining information via experiences
o Storage
Information is held for later use
o Retrieval
“Later use”
Locate stored information and “activating” it for use
Acquisition, storage, and retrieval
Example: Chess
o What do all the pieces do?
The pawns can move 1-2 spaces a turn
The bishop can only move diagonal
o You acquire this information at some point and store it for later
use
o You retrieval that information later to recall what each piece
does/ playing the game
The route into memory
Modal model of memory (1968)
o Draw it for help
“raw” information comes in as sensory memory storage
o Iconic= visual inputs
o Echoic= auditory inputs
Short-term memory (stm)
o Where information is held while being used
Long-term memory (ltm)
, o Larger, more permanent storage
Updating the modal model
Differences with modern theories
o Sensory memory plays a much smaller role
o Short-term memory is now working memory (wm)
Memories are being actively worked on
o Stm/wm isn't a place; its a status
What the modal model got right
o Wm/stm is limited, ltm is not
o Getting information in wm is easy
o Getting information out of wm is also easy
o Wm is fragile
What is currently being worked on
WM and LTM: one memory or two
Testing what is remembered in an arbitrary task
Free recall
o Presented a list of items (words, images, etc.)
o Asked to remember in any order
When items are presented in serial position
Recency effect
o Last items in a sequence recalled
Primacy effect
o Early items in a sequence
Recency effect
Items were just heard
Items are still in working memory
Primacy effect
Items need time and attention
Early items are privileged
o 100% attention
Participants use memory rehearsal
o Two different types
When WM limit is reached, primacy effect ends
Testing primacy and recency effects
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