PAEA GENERAL SURGERY EOR EXAM SCRIPT 2025/2026
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔Signs of bowel obstruction - ✔✔High-pitched hyperactive bowel sounds early on,
visible peristalsis, abdominal distention
✔✔Symptoms of small bowel obstruction - ✔✔Colicky abdominal pain, nausea, bilious
vomiting, distention, early hyperactive bowel sounds
✔✔Signs of a large bowel instruction - ✔✔Gradually increasing abdominal pain with
longer intervals between episodes of pain, abdominal distention, less vomiting, more
common in the elderly
✔✔What does x-ray show in a small bowel obstruction - ✔✔Dilated loops of bowel with
air fluid levels
✔✔Treatment of bowel obstruction - ✔✔Bowel rest, NG tube placement,
If peritoneal signs or no resolution in 24 hours do a laparotomy
✔✔Signs of small bowel intussicepton - ✔✔Sudden onset of colicky of Domino pain that
recurs every 15 to 20 minutes with vomiting
Commonly affects children after viral infections, with Meckel's diverticulum, or adults
with cancer
Sausage like mass in the abdomen, current jelly stools
✔✔Where are most cases of small bowel intussusception - ✔✔Ileoilium or jejunoileal
✔✔Diagnosis of small bowel intussussception - ✔✔Abdominal x-ray or ultrasound show
a crescent sign or a target sign or a coiled spring lesion
✔✔Treatment of small bowel intussussception - ✔✔Barium enema is diagnostic and
therapeutic in children
NPO, fluids, NG tube, antibiotics, manual reduction or resection
✔✔What is postoperative ileus - ✔✔Ilias that persists for more than three days following
surgery
✔✔Diagnosis of ileus - ✔✔CT scan with Gastrografin to rule out mechanical obstruction
✔✔Treatment of paralytic ileus - ✔✔Usually spontaneously resolved within 2 to 3 days,
discontinue opiates
, ✔✔Gastroparesis - ✔✔Issues with the stomach muscles prevents proper stomach
empty
✔✔Most common cause of gastroparesis - ✔✔Diabetes
✔✔Symptoms of gastroparesis - ✔✔Nausea, very early satiety, palpitations, bloating
✔✔Diagnosis of gastroparesis - ✔✔Gastric emptying scan, manometry, KUB
✔✔Treatment of gastroparesis - ✔✔Low fiber, low fat meals
Smaller meals 2-3 hours apart
Metocloprimide (reglan)
✔✔What is Reglan - ✔✔D2 receptor antagonist that increases contractility and resting
tone in the G.I. tract
✔✔Pseudomembranous colitis - ✔✔Inflammation of the colon caused by C diff
3 to 20 stools per day
Fever abdominal pain and generalized symptoms
✔✔Diagnosis of pseudomembranous colitis - ✔✔PCR identification of C diff toxin
(cytotoxin B)
Stool culture
Radiograph show severe inflammation of the inner lining of the bowel
Leukocytosis
✔✔Most sensitive method for diagnosing C diff - ✔✔Stool culture but they can't
distinguish between toxin producing and non-toxin producing. Must use PCR
✔✔Treatment of pseudomembranous colitis - ✔✔IV metronidazole or PO Vancomyosin
✔✔What is the only use for oral vanco - ✔✔Pseudomembranous colitis
✔✔Complications of pseudomembranous colitis - ✔✔Bowel perforation, toxic
megacolon
✔✔Indications for bariatric surgery - ✔✔BMI over 40
BMI over 35 with a medical problem related to obesity
Must have failed non-surgical weight-loss programs
Must be psychologically stable and able to follow instructions
Obesity is not caused by medical diseases such as endocrine disorders
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔Signs of bowel obstruction - ✔✔High-pitched hyperactive bowel sounds early on,
visible peristalsis, abdominal distention
✔✔Symptoms of small bowel obstruction - ✔✔Colicky abdominal pain, nausea, bilious
vomiting, distention, early hyperactive bowel sounds
✔✔Signs of a large bowel instruction - ✔✔Gradually increasing abdominal pain with
longer intervals between episodes of pain, abdominal distention, less vomiting, more
common in the elderly
✔✔What does x-ray show in a small bowel obstruction - ✔✔Dilated loops of bowel with
air fluid levels
✔✔Treatment of bowel obstruction - ✔✔Bowel rest, NG tube placement,
If peritoneal signs or no resolution in 24 hours do a laparotomy
✔✔Signs of small bowel intussicepton - ✔✔Sudden onset of colicky of Domino pain that
recurs every 15 to 20 minutes with vomiting
Commonly affects children after viral infections, with Meckel's diverticulum, or adults
with cancer
Sausage like mass in the abdomen, current jelly stools
✔✔Where are most cases of small bowel intussusception - ✔✔Ileoilium or jejunoileal
✔✔Diagnosis of small bowel intussussception - ✔✔Abdominal x-ray or ultrasound show
a crescent sign or a target sign or a coiled spring lesion
✔✔Treatment of small bowel intussussception - ✔✔Barium enema is diagnostic and
therapeutic in children
NPO, fluids, NG tube, antibiotics, manual reduction or resection
✔✔What is postoperative ileus - ✔✔Ilias that persists for more than three days following
surgery
✔✔Diagnosis of ileus - ✔✔CT scan with Gastrografin to rule out mechanical obstruction
✔✔Treatment of paralytic ileus - ✔✔Usually spontaneously resolved within 2 to 3 days,
discontinue opiates
, ✔✔Gastroparesis - ✔✔Issues with the stomach muscles prevents proper stomach
empty
✔✔Most common cause of gastroparesis - ✔✔Diabetes
✔✔Symptoms of gastroparesis - ✔✔Nausea, very early satiety, palpitations, bloating
✔✔Diagnosis of gastroparesis - ✔✔Gastric emptying scan, manometry, KUB
✔✔Treatment of gastroparesis - ✔✔Low fiber, low fat meals
Smaller meals 2-3 hours apart
Metocloprimide (reglan)
✔✔What is Reglan - ✔✔D2 receptor antagonist that increases contractility and resting
tone in the G.I. tract
✔✔Pseudomembranous colitis - ✔✔Inflammation of the colon caused by C diff
3 to 20 stools per day
Fever abdominal pain and generalized symptoms
✔✔Diagnosis of pseudomembranous colitis - ✔✔PCR identification of C diff toxin
(cytotoxin B)
Stool culture
Radiograph show severe inflammation of the inner lining of the bowel
Leukocytosis
✔✔Most sensitive method for diagnosing C diff - ✔✔Stool culture but they can't
distinguish between toxin producing and non-toxin producing. Must use PCR
✔✔Treatment of pseudomembranous colitis - ✔✔IV metronidazole or PO Vancomyosin
✔✔What is the only use for oral vanco - ✔✔Pseudomembranous colitis
✔✔Complications of pseudomembranous colitis - ✔✔Bowel perforation, toxic
megacolon
✔✔Indications for bariatric surgery - ✔✔BMI over 40
BMI over 35 with a medical problem related to obesity
Must have failed non-surgical weight-loss programs
Must be psychologically stable and able to follow instructions
Obesity is not caused by medical diseases such as endocrine disorders
