PATH 1017 - HEPATOBILIARY NOTES (ACTUAL 2025/2026) WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED!!
icterus stage of acute symptomatic course
- occurs 5-10 days after prodromal stage
- worsening of prodromal symptoms (start to have more
symptoms specific to hepatitis)
- jaundice, severe pruritus, liver tenderness, dark urine
- increased bilirubin (causing jaundice) and increased liver
enzymes
convalescence stage of acute symptomatic course
- improvement in symptoms and appetite
- jaundice disappears
- people with chronic do not go through this stage
how long does it take to go through the stages of acute
symptomatic infection?
- hepatitis A takes 2 months
- acute hepatitis B takes 4 months (most progress to chronic
or stuck in icterus phase)
hepatitis A
,- replicates in the liver, excreted in bile and shed in feces
- able to resist digestion of acid in stomach
- person sheds virus before any signs of infection
transmission of hepatitis A
- fecal-oral route
- may be contracted through consumption of contaminated
water, milk, shellfish, international travel and institutional
settings
incubation period of hepatitis A
average 25-30 days
manifestations of hepatitis A
- sudden onset (flu-like illness)
- jaundice is common (75%)
clinical course of hepatitis A
- usually self-limiting acute course of 2 months
- RARE fulminant hepatitis (1-3%)
- less likely in children
, hepatitis B
- DNA based virus
- linked to hepatitis D
- most common worldwide
- high rate of carriers and infected in Asia
- decreased rate in North America due to vaccines
transmission of hepatitis B
- found in most bodily fluids (blood, sexual contact, infants
born to HBV+ mother)
- common in sexual contact (mostly infected by teens or
adults and drug users)
incubation period of hepatitis B
40-180 days (average 75 days)
clinical course of hepatitis B
- acute symptomatic, chronic hepatitis course (may lead to
liver cirrhosis, liver cancer and fulminate hepatitis)
- carrier state is possible
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED!!
icterus stage of acute symptomatic course
- occurs 5-10 days after prodromal stage
- worsening of prodromal symptoms (start to have more
symptoms specific to hepatitis)
- jaundice, severe pruritus, liver tenderness, dark urine
- increased bilirubin (causing jaundice) and increased liver
enzymes
convalescence stage of acute symptomatic course
- improvement in symptoms and appetite
- jaundice disappears
- people with chronic do not go through this stage
how long does it take to go through the stages of acute
symptomatic infection?
- hepatitis A takes 2 months
- acute hepatitis B takes 4 months (most progress to chronic
or stuck in icterus phase)
hepatitis A
,- replicates in the liver, excreted in bile and shed in feces
- able to resist digestion of acid in stomach
- person sheds virus before any signs of infection
transmission of hepatitis A
- fecal-oral route
- may be contracted through consumption of contaminated
water, milk, shellfish, international travel and institutional
settings
incubation period of hepatitis A
average 25-30 days
manifestations of hepatitis A
- sudden onset (flu-like illness)
- jaundice is common (75%)
clinical course of hepatitis A
- usually self-limiting acute course of 2 months
- RARE fulminant hepatitis (1-3%)
- less likely in children
, hepatitis B
- DNA based virus
- linked to hepatitis D
- most common worldwide
- high rate of carriers and infected in Asia
- decreased rate in North America due to vaccines
transmission of hepatitis B
- found in most bodily fluids (blood, sexual contact, infants
born to HBV+ mother)
- common in sexual contact (mostly infected by teens or
adults and drug users)
incubation period of hepatitis B
40-180 days (average 75 days)
clinical course of hepatitis B
- acute symptomatic, chronic hepatitis course (may lead to
liver cirrhosis, liver cancer and fulminate hepatitis)
- carrier state is possible
