BIOL 1020 Questions and Correct Detailed
Answers | New Update 2025
The hierarchy of biological classification - ANSWER Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
• Macromolecules - ANSWER Polymers that are made up of monomers
(Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic Acids)
Dehydration Reaction - ANSWER Add a monomer to a generic polymer -
hydrogen and a hydroxide group join when water is released
Hydrolysis Reaction - ANSWER supply water molecule and split the molecule
into two original
Carbohydrates - ANSWER Monosaccharides, Disaccharide's and
Polysaccharides.
,Disaccharides - ANSWER Are glycosidic bonded or linkages between two
saccharides or disaccharides e.g. maltose (alpha-configuration) or cellulose (beta-
configuration)
Alpha-Configuration - ANSWER joining of ring carbohydrates between
H-C-OH and H-C-HO (1-4 bonds), which release water when joined together
Beta-configuration - ANSWER joining ring carbohydrates between
OH-C-H and H-C-HO (1-4 bonds), which release water when joined together
Polysaccharides - ANSWER e.g. starch and glycogen
Starch - ANSWER (polymer of glucose monomer) major storage of energy in
plants, has 1-4 and 1-6 linkages
- humans can digest this as it's in alpha-configuration
Glycogen - ANSWER (polymer of glucose monomer) major storage of energy in
animals, has 1-4 and 1-6 linkages
- humans can digest this as it's in alpha-configuration
Cellulose - ANSWER Major component in tough walls in plant cells,
- mammals can't digest this as it's in beta-configuration
Glycemic Index - ANSWER Measuring how quickly your blood glucose level
rises after eating carbohydrate-containing food
, - quicker digestion the faster glucose level increases
- Low GI foods (brown rice & bread) - harder to break down because unrefined
carbs
Glycoproteins - ANSWER Combination of Carbohydrates and Proteins
- found on cell surface
- can be the unique identifier of different cell types (immune to non-self cells)
Chitin - ANSWER exoskeleton of arthropods/ cell wall in fungi
- highly resistant to enzymatic activity
- used in surgical thread
Lipids - ANSWER Constructed from two types of smaller molecules, a single
glycerol and usually three fatty acids
- Found in cellular membrane structures, storage compounds
- Hydrophobic
- vary in length and number and locations f double bonds they contain
Saturated Fatty Acids - ANSWER have the maximum number of hydrogen
atoms possible
- no double bonds
- straight/ overlapping is easy
Unsaturated Fatty Acids - ANSWER Have on or more double bonds
- changes structure to have bends
Answers | New Update 2025
The hierarchy of biological classification - ANSWER Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
• Macromolecules - ANSWER Polymers that are made up of monomers
(Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic Acids)
Dehydration Reaction - ANSWER Add a monomer to a generic polymer -
hydrogen and a hydroxide group join when water is released
Hydrolysis Reaction - ANSWER supply water molecule and split the molecule
into two original
Carbohydrates - ANSWER Monosaccharides, Disaccharide's and
Polysaccharides.
,Disaccharides - ANSWER Are glycosidic bonded or linkages between two
saccharides or disaccharides e.g. maltose (alpha-configuration) or cellulose (beta-
configuration)
Alpha-Configuration - ANSWER joining of ring carbohydrates between
H-C-OH and H-C-HO (1-4 bonds), which release water when joined together
Beta-configuration - ANSWER joining ring carbohydrates between
OH-C-H and H-C-HO (1-4 bonds), which release water when joined together
Polysaccharides - ANSWER e.g. starch and glycogen
Starch - ANSWER (polymer of glucose monomer) major storage of energy in
plants, has 1-4 and 1-6 linkages
- humans can digest this as it's in alpha-configuration
Glycogen - ANSWER (polymer of glucose monomer) major storage of energy in
animals, has 1-4 and 1-6 linkages
- humans can digest this as it's in alpha-configuration
Cellulose - ANSWER Major component in tough walls in plant cells,
- mammals can't digest this as it's in beta-configuration
Glycemic Index - ANSWER Measuring how quickly your blood glucose level
rises after eating carbohydrate-containing food
, - quicker digestion the faster glucose level increases
- Low GI foods (brown rice & bread) - harder to break down because unrefined
carbs
Glycoproteins - ANSWER Combination of Carbohydrates and Proteins
- found on cell surface
- can be the unique identifier of different cell types (immune to non-self cells)
Chitin - ANSWER exoskeleton of arthropods/ cell wall in fungi
- highly resistant to enzymatic activity
- used in surgical thread
Lipids - ANSWER Constructed from two types of smaller molecules, a single
glycerol and usually three fatty acids
- Found in cellular membrane structures, storage compounds
- Hydrophobic
- vary in length and number and locations f double bonds they contain
Saturated Fatty Acids - ANSWER have the maximum number of hydrogen
atoms possible
- no double bonds
- straight/ overlapping is easy
Unsaturated Fatty Acids - ANSWER Have on or more double bonds
- changes structure to have bends
