Typed neat notes on the entirety of environmental studies/population and community ecology with all necessary graphs. Done according to the IEB Sags for grade 12 students.
P.S the preview distorts the font and spacing so the document is more aesthetically pleasing once downloaded
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES - population size = total
Population ecology number of individuals in a
- ecology = study of population
interactions of organisms w/ - can increase/decrease w/ a
their physical and biological change in:
environments and how these natality – birth rate in
determine distribution + make animals or production of
up of populations within an seeds in plants
ecosystem mortality – death rate
- population ecology is immigration – individuals
concerned w/ fluctuations in move into a population
size of a population and and stay there
factors, both physical + social, emigration – individuals
that regulates these leave a population and
fluctuations don’t return
- organism = individual form of - for humans:
life, such as bacterium, birth rate = number of
fungus, plant or animal, births per 1000 people in a
composed of a single cell or a year
complex of cells that are death rate = number of
capable of growing and deaths per 1000 people
reproducing per year
- individual = single organism - populations will therefore:
capable of independent grow when birth +
existence immigration exceed death
- species = group of closely + emigration
related organisms that are decline when death +
very similar to each other and emigration exceed birth +
usually capable of immigration
interbreeding and producing remain stable when birth +
fertile offspring immigration approx. equal
- population = group of death + emigration
organisms of same species in - in a closed population, w/ no
same area that can breed immigration or emigration,
freely w/ each other only parameters affecting
- community = group of diff population numbers will be
species that inhabit and births or deaths, e.g. fish in a
interact in a particular area small pond
- ecosystem = communities
together w/ the non-living How is the growth of a
things in their surroundings population regulated?
- biosphere = part of earth - if few individuals enter an
where living organisms are unoccupied area w/ no
found shortage of food/other
resources and no predators,
What affects the size of a will reproduce and number of
population? individuals will increase
exponentially
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