Dit is een uitgebreide samenvatting van ALLE leerstof Nederlands voor de examencommissie volgens de vakfiche van 2025. Er zitten ook een aantal examenvragen in van het schriftelijk en mondeling examen. Ook zit er een youtube-playlist bij en een aantal handige tips en ook meer informatie over het ve...
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Voorwoord.................................................................................................................................................... 6
Studierichtingen....................................................................................................................................................7
Algemene voorwaarden........................................................................................................................................8
Structuur samenvatting.........................................................................................................................................8
Digitalisering..........................................................................................................................................................8
Actualiteit..............................................................................................................................................................8
Extra hulp nodig?...................................................................................................................................................8
Wat vind je van de samenvatting?........................................................................................................................8
Boekenopdracht............................................................................................................................................ 9
Literaire termen............................................................................................................................................. 9
Algemene begrippen.............................................................................................................................................9
Genrekenmerken................................................................................................................................................10
Televisiesoap...................................................................................................................................................14
Verhaalelementen...............................................................................................................................................14
Thema..............................................................................................................................................................14
Personage........................................................................................................................................................15
Tijd...................................................................................................................................................................15
Ruimte.............................................................................................................................................................16
Opbouw(structuur).........................................................................................................................................16
Vertelperspectief.............................................................................................................................................17
Spanning..........................................................................................................................................................18
Begin en einde van het verhaal.......................................................................................................................18
Literaire begrippen: poëzie.................................................................................................................................18
Ritme en metrum................................................................................................................................................20
Dichtvormen........................................................................................................................................................21
Stijlfiguren en stijl................................................................................................................................................23
Beeldspraak.....................................................................................................................................................25
Humor..................................................................................................................................................................26
Ironie...............................................................................................................................................................26
Parodie/persiflage/schertsvertoning..............................................................................................................26
Sarcasme.........................................................................................................................................................26
Cynisme...........................................................................................................................................................26
Satire (hekeldicht)...........................................................................................................................................26
Absurdisme......................................................................................................................................................27
1
, Dramatische vormen...........................................................................................................................................27
Theatergeschiedenis:......................................................................................................................................27
Theatertekens............................................................................................................................................. 29
Visueel.................................................................................................................................................................29
Auditief................................................................................................................................................................30
Literatuurgeschiedenis en literaire stromingen............................................................................................. 30
De middeleeuwen 500-1500...............................................................................................................................30
Epiek:...............................................................................................................................................................30
Lyriek:..............................................................................................................................................................31
Dramatiek:.......................................................................................................................................................32
De renaissance 1500-1700..................................................................................................................................33
Epiek en lyriek:................................................................................................................................................33
Dramatiek :......................................................................................................................................................34
De verlichting 1700-1800....................................................................................................................................34
Epiek en lyriek:................................................................................................................................................34
De romantiek 1800-1850....................................................................................................................................35
Literaire stromingen.................................................................................................................................... 35
Van realisme tot de Eerste Wereldoorlog 1850-1914........................................................................................35
Impressionisme: rond 1880.............................................................................................................................36
De Tachtigers (Nederland)..............................................................................................................................36
Van Nu en Straks (Vlaanderen).......................................................................................................................36
Het interbellum 1918-1940: modernisme/avant-garde.....................................................................................37
Avant-garde.....................................................................................................................................................37
Expressionisme: 1910-1925............................................................................................................................38
Magisch realisme.............................................................................................................................................38
Nieuwe zakelijkheid: 1920-1930.....................................................................................................................38
Vitalisme..........................................................................................................................................................39
Van koude oorlog t.e.m. swinging sixties (1945-1970).......................................................................................39
Surrealisme......................................................................................................................................................39
De Vijfigers......................................................................................................................................................39
Van 1970 tot heden.............................................................................................................................................39
Postmodernisme: vanaf 1960.........................................................................................................................40
Generatie NIX: jaren ‘90..................................................................................................................................40
Overzicht alle literatuurstromingen....................................................................................................................41
Realisme..........................................................................................................................................................41
Naturalisme.....................................................................................................................................................41
Nieuwe zakelijkheid........................................................................................................................41
2
, Oorlogsliteratuur.............................................................................................................................................41
Bekentenisroman............................................................................................................................................41
Existentialisme.................................................................................................................................................41
Modernisme....................................................................................................................................................41
Postmodernisme.............................................................................................................................................42
Literaire autobiografie/autofictie...................................................................................................................42
Sociolinguïstiek............................................................................................................................................ 42
Plaats nederlands in de wereld.......................................................................................................................43
Invloed Nederlands op andere talen...............................................................................................................44
De Standaardtaal, het Standaardnederlands, het AN of het Algemeen Nederlands.......................................45
Het dialect of de streektaal.................................................................................................................................45
Regiolect..............................................................................................................................................................45
De tussentaal.......................................................................................................................................................45
Accent of tongval................................................................................................................................................46
Het sociolect of de groepstaal.............................................................................................................................46
Het etnolect of het etnisch Nederlands..............................................................................................................46
Vaktaal of jargon.................................................................................................................................................46
Mannentaal, vrouwentaal, jongerentaal, kindertaal..........................................................................................46
Register: formeel, informeel, spreektaal, schrijftaal..........................................................................................47
Formele taal....................................................................................................................................................47
Informele taal......................................................................................................................................................47
Archaïsche of ouderwetse taal............................................................................................................................48
Pragamatiek........................................................................................................................................................48
Wat is communicatie?.....................................................................................................................................48
Argumentatieleer........................................................................................................................................ 49
Onderdelen van de argumentatie.......................................................................................................................50
Herkennen van een argumentatie......................................................................................................................50
Premisse..............................................................................................................................................................50
Syllogisme of sluitrede........................................................................................................................................50
Voorbeeld............................................................................................................................................................50
Deugdelijke of correcte argumenten..............................................................................................................51
Drogredenen...................................................................................................................................................52
Psycholinguïstiek......................................................................................................................................... 53
Psycholinguïstiek.................................................................................................................................................53
Taalverwerving....................................................................................................................................................53
Twee-en meertaligheid.......................................................................................................................................53
Mentaal lexicon...................................................................................................................................53
3
, Afasie...................................................................................................................................................................53
Dyslexie...............................................................................................................................................................54
Fonologisch domein-klanken..............................................................................................................................54
Spraakklank.....................................................................................................................................................54
Morfologie...........................................................................................................................................................55
Woord- en zinssemantiek...................................................................................................................................58
Betekenisverandering.....................................................................................................................................59
Betekenis..................................................................................................................................................... 60
Woordverbanden........................................................................................................................................ 61
Op grond van betekenis......................................................................................................................................61
1. Gelijke of tegengestelde betekenis.............................................................................................................61
2. Hiërarchie of rangorde................................................................................................................................61
Op grond van de vorm of klank...........................................................................................................................62
OVERTOLLIGE WOORDEN OF WOORDOVERTOLLIGHEID...................................................................................62
Spreekwoord, gezegde, spreuk of zegswijze......................................................................................................63
Modaliteit:.................................................................................................................................................. 64
Soorten................................................................................................................................................................64
Middelen om modaliteit uit te drukken..............................................................................................................64
Stijlfiguren................................................................................................................................................... 65
Stijlfouten & grammaticale struikelblokken.......................................................................................................66
Samentrekking.....................................................................................................................................................67
1. Vorm............................................................................................................................................................67
2. Betekenis.....................................................................................................................................................67
3. Functie.........................................................................................................................................................67
Woordovertolligheid...........................................................................................................................................67
4. Dubbele ontkenningen................................................................................................................................68
Congruentie of overeenkomst........................................................................................................................68
Foutief bezittelijk voornaamwoord.................................................................................................................68
Foutief betrekkelijk voornaamwoord.............................................................................................................68
Naamwoordstijl...............................................................................................................................................68
Schriftelijk................................................................................................................................................... 69
Instructie.............................................................................................................................................................69
Duidelijkheid....................................................................................................................................................69
Gepastheid/ aantrekkelijkheid........................................................................................................................69
Correctheid......................................................................................................................................................69
Verslag.................................................................................................................................................................69
Recensie..............................................................................................................................................70
4
, Klacht...................................................................................................................................................................70
Taalsteun.............................................................................................................................................................70
Column................................................................................................................................................................72
Sollicitatiebrief....................................................................................................................................................72
a. Inleiding: situering van de vacature............................................................................................................72
b. Midden: motivatie en argumentatie...........................................................................................................73
SPREKEN...................................................................................................................................................... 75
Debatteren/argumenteren.................................................................................................................................75
LEZEN/ SCHRIJVEN/SPREKEN/LUISTEREN..................................................................................................... 76
TEKSTSTRUCTUREN.............................................................................................................................................76
TOPISCHE VRAGEN..............................................................................................................................................77
Tekstdoelen en tekstsoorten..............................................................................................................................77
Verloop examen.......................................................................................................................................... 78
Mondeling...........................................................................................................................................................78
ONline(tijdens corona of tijdens ziekte).........................................................................................................78
In het examencentrum....................................................................................................................................78
TIPS............................................................................................................................................................. 79
Mondeling...........................................................................................................................................................79
Schriftelijk............................................................................................................................................................79
Proefexamen mondeling.............................................................................................................................. 80
Mondeling.......................................................................................................................................................80
Examenvragen............................................................................................................................................. 81
Schriftelijk ASO....................................................................................................................................................81
Lezen...............................................................................................................................................................81
Luisteren..........................................................................................................................................................83
Schrijven..........................................................................................................................................................84
Literaire competentie......................................................................................................................................85
Schriftelijk TSO/KSO............................................................................................................................................86
16 februari 2022..............................................................................................................................................86
Mondeling ASO....................................................................................................................................................86
2019.................................................................................................................................................................86
2020.................................................................................................................................................................87
2021.................................................................................................................................................................89
2022.................................................................................................................................................................91
2023.................................................................................................................................................................93
2024.................................................................................................................................................................93
Mondeling TSO/KSO............................................................................................................................94
5
, 4 mei 2020.......................................................................................................................................................94
4 juni 2020.......................................................................................................................................................95
24 augustus 2020............................................................................................................................................95
11september 2020..........................................................................................................................................96
19 september 2020.........................................................................................................................................96
17 maart 2021.................................................................................................................................................97
12 mei 2021.....................................................................................................................................................97
11februari 2022...............................................................................................................................................98
25 februari 2022..............................................................................................................................................98
17 maart 2022.................................................................................................................................................99
Bibliografie.................................................................................................................................................. 99
Youtube-playlist.......................................................................................................................................... 99
Eindwoord................................................................................................................................................... 99
VOORWOORD
Dit is een samenvatting voor de examencommissie voor het vak Nederlands in de 3 e graad ASO/TSO/KSO voor
talen en niet-talen richtingen. Het is opgesteld met behulp van de vakfiche van de examencommissie voor
2025(tot september):
Aangezien de vakfiche voor TSO/KSO en ASO niet veel van elkaar verschillen is deze samenvatting voor
beiden.
Aangezien er een nieuw leerstofoverzicht komt, is deze samenvatting dus nog geldig tot september 2025. Zodra
de examencommissie een leerstofoverzicht publiceert, werk ik aan een nieuwe samenvatting. Dit zal ik
proberen in hetzelfde document te doen, zodat er geen extra kosten in rekening moeten worden gebracht voor
de mensen die hun examen na september 2025 willen doen. Echter weet ik niet hoe veel werk dit zal kosten,
dus kan ik niet met zekerheid zeggen dat ik een samenvatting klaar heb in september 2025.
STUDIERICHTINGEN
Voor de 3e graad ASO (talen en niet-talen richtingen) dus:
TALEN-RICHTINGEN
Economie-moderne talen
Latijn-moderne talen
Moderne talen-wetenschappen
Moderne talen-wiskunde
NIET-TALEN RICHTINGEN (ZONDER SPECIFIEKE DEEL DUS)
Wetenschappen-wiskunde
Economie-wetenschappen
Economie-wiskunde
Humane wetenschappen
Latijn-wetenschappen
Latijn-wiskunde
Voor de 3e graad KSO/TSO dus:
KSO
Beeldende vorming
Muziek
TSO
Farmaceutisch technisch assistent
7
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