Deze samenvatting is gebaseerd op het boek natuuronderwijs inzichtelijk geschreven door Kersbergen en Haarhuis. Alle hoofdstukken en tussenkopjes zijn in de samenvatting aanwezig. Deze samenvatting helpt zowel bij de kennisbasistoets Wereldoriëntatie en de toelatingstoets natuur en techniek. Deze...
,Inhoud
Natuuronderwijs inzichtelijk...................................................................................................................1
Hoofdstuk 1 – planten............................................................................................................................7
1.1 De indeling van het plantenrijk.....................................................................................................7
1.1.1. De groene wereld van de planten.........................................................................................7
1.1.2. Wieren (algen)......................................................................................................................7
1.1.3. Mossen.................................................................................................................................7
1.1.4. Paardenstaarten...................................................................................................................7
1.1.5. Varens...................................................................................................................................8
1.1.6. Zaadplanten..........................................................................................................................8
1.2 de bouw van zaadplanten.............................................................................................................8
1.2.1. Wat heeft een plant nodig om te groeien?...........................................................................8
1.2.2. De bouw en functie van bladeren.........................................................................................9
1.2.3. De bouw en functie van wortels...........................................................................................9
1.2.4. De bouw en functie van stengels........................................................................................10
1.2.5. Bomen................................................................................................................................10
1.2.6. Bescherming.......................................................................................................................10
1.3 de voortplanting van bloemplanten...........................................................................................11
1.1.3. Geslachtelijke en ongeslachtelijke voortplanting................................................................11
1.3.2. Bollen, knollen en uitlopers................................................................................................11
1.3.3. De bouw en functie van bloemen.......................................................................................12
1.3.4 bestuiving............................................................................................................................12
1.3.5. Bevruchting.........................................................................................................................13
1.3.6. Zaadverspreiding................................................................................................................13
1.4 weersverschijnselen...................................................................................................................14
1.4.1. Verandering van de leefomgeving......................................................................................14
1.4.2. Lente...................................................................................................................................14
1.4.3. Zomer.................................................................................................................................14
1.4.4. Herfst..................................................................................................................................15
1.4.5. Winter.................................................................................................................................15
1.5 schimmels en paddenstoelen.....................................................................................................15
1.5.1. Het schimmelrijk.................................................................................................................15
1.5.2. De voedingswijze van schimmels........................................................................................16
1.5.3. De levenscyclus van een paddenstoel.................................................................................16
Hoofdstuk 2 – dieren............................................................................................................................18
2.1 indeling van het dierenrijk..........................................................................................................18
, 2.1.1. Kenmerken..........................................................................................................................18
2.1.2. Ongewervelde dieren.........................................................................................................18
2.1.3. Gewervelde dieren.............................................................................................................19
2.2 aanpassingen aan de primaire levensbehoeften.......................................................................20
2.2.1. Primaire levensbehoeften...................................................................................................20
2.2.2. Aanpassingen om voedsel te verkrijgen..............................................................................20
2.2.3. Aanpassingen om gevaar te vermijden...............................................................................20
2.2.4. Aanpassingen om een partner te bemachtigen..................................................................21
2.2.5. Natuurlijke selectie.............................................................................................................21
2.2.6. Sociaal gedrag.....................................................................................................................22
2.3 aanpassingen aan de winter.......................................................................................................22
2.3.1. Veranderde Habitats...........................................................................................................22
2.4 aanpassingen aan de omgeving..................................................................................................22
2.4.1. Het leven in het water........................................................................................................22
2.4.2. Het leven op het land..........................................................................................................23
2.4.3. Het leven in de lucht...........................................................................................................23
2.5 voortplanting..............................................................................................................................23
Hoofdstuk 3 – eigen lichaam en gezond gedrag...................................................................................25
3.1 waarneming................................................................................................................................25
3.1.1. Zintuigen om te overleven..................................................................................................25
3.1.2. De samenwerking tussen zintuigen, hersenen en spieren..................................................25
3.1.3. De belangrijkste zintuigen..................................................................................................25
3.2 stevigheid en beweging..............................................................................................................26
3.2.1. De draagbalken van je lichaam...........................................................................................26
3.2.2. Bescherming van vitale organen.........................................................................................27
3.2.3. Beweging van je armen en benen.......................................................................................27
3.2.4. Vergelijking met het skelet van andere zoogdieren............................................................27
3.3 spijsvertering en voeding............................................................................................................27
3.3.2. Voedingstoffen...................................................................................................................28
3.3.3. Voeding en gezondheid......................................................................................................29
3.3.4. De schrijf van vijf.................................................................................................................30
3.4 ademhaling en bloedsomloop....................................................................................................30
3.4.1. Het ademhalingsstelsel.......................................................................................................30
3.4.2. Het bloedvatenstelsel.........................................................................................................30
3.3.4. Vereende krachten.............................................................................................................31
3.4.4. Inspanning en rust..............................................................................................................31
, 3.5 afweer en gezondheid................................................................................................................31
3.5.1. Afweersysteem...................................................................................................................31
3.5.2. Ziekte..................................................................................................................................32
3.5.3. Vaccinatie...........................................................................................................................32
3.5.4. Allergie................................................................................................................................32
3.6 voortplanting en seksualiteit......................................................................................................33
3.6.1. De enige echte Nederlandse voortplantings- seksquiz.......................................................33
3.6.2. Seksuele ontwikkeling.........................................................................................................33
3.6.3. Erfelijkheid..........................................................................................................................33
Hoofdstuk 4 – ecologie en milieu.........................................................................................................34
4.1 samenhang in ecosystemen........................................................................................................34
4.1.1. Wat is een ecosysteem.......................................................................................................34
4.1.2. Voedselrelaties in een ecosysteem.....................................................................................34
4.1.3. De energiestroom in een ecosysteem.................................................................................34
4.1.4. De voedselkringloop...........................................................................................................35
4.2 ecosystemen in verandering.......................................................................................................35
4.2.1. De dynamiek van ecosystemen...........................................................................................35
4.2.2. Verandering in een populatie.............................................................................................35
4.2.3. Successie.............................................................................................................................35
4.3 menselijke invloeden op ecosystemen.......................................................................................36
4.3.1. De wisselwerking tussen mensen en hun omgeving...........................................................36
4.3.2. Milieuproblemen................................................................................................................36
4.3.3. Klimaatverandering.............................................................................................................36
4.3.4. Duurzame ontwikkeling......................................................................................................37
Hoofdstuk 5 – natuurkundige verschijnselen.......................................................................................38
5.1 vaste stoffen, vloeistoffen en gassen..........................................................................................38
5.1.1. Verschijningsvormen..........................................................................................................38
5.1.2. De invloed van warmte op de verschijningsvorm van een stof...........................................38
5.1.3. De eigenschappen van water..............................................................................................38
5.1.4. Eigenschappen van lucht....................................................................................................39
5.2 magnetisme................................................................................................................................39
5.2.1. Wat is magnetisme.............................................................................................................39
5.2.2. De werking van een magneet.............................................................................................39
5.2.3. Magneetvelden...................................................................................................................40
5.2.4. Magnetisme en elektriciteit................................................................................................40
5.3 elektriciteit..................................................................................................................................40
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