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Samenvatting morfologie van de tanden
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Volledige samenvatting van het onderdeel morfologie van het vak lichaam en mond deel 1 uit de cursus van Gisèle Van Damme.
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Inhoud1 Anatomie ........................................................................................................................................ 8
1.1 De mondholte ......................................................................................................................... 8
1.2 Boven- en onderkaak .............................................................................................................. 8
1.3 De processus alveolaris .......................................................................................................... 9
1.4 Het parodontium .................................................................................................................. 10
1.5 Het palatum .......................................................................................................................... 10
1.6 Lingua ................................................................................................................................... 10
1.7 Het mondslijmvlies (mondmucosa) ...................................................................................... 11
1.8 Het tandvlees (gingiva) ......................................................................................................... 11
1.9 Het gebitselement (tand) ..................................................................................................... 12
1.9.1 Glazuur ......................................................................................................................... 12
1.9.2 Dentine (tandbeen) ...................................................................................................... 12
1.9.3 Cement ......................................................................................................................... 12
1.9.4 Pulpa ............................................................................................................................. 13
1.10 Bezenuwing van tand en parodontium................................................................................. 13
1.11 Bloedvoorziening van tand en parodontium ........................................................................ 14
2 Terminologie ................................................................................................................................ 15
2.1 Benoeming van de vlakken ................................................................................................... 15
2.2 Andere belangrijke termen ................................................................................................... 15
2.3 Algemene morfologie van de tand ....................................................................................... 16
2.3.1 Knobbel of cuspide ....................................................................................................... 16
2.3.2 Kam/crista/ridge ........................................................................................................... 16
2.3.3 Fossa ............................................................................................................................. 16
2.3.4 Pit ................................................................................................................................. 16
2.3.5 Groeve/fissuur .............................................................................................................. 17
2.3.6 Wortelsplitsing/furcatie ................................................................................................ 17
3 Codering van de gebitselementen ................................................................................................ 18
3.1 Indeling in 2 dentities of sets ................................................................................................ 18
3.1.1 Het definitief gebit (2-1-2-3) ......................................................................................... 18
3.1.2 Het melkgebit (2-1-2).................................................................................................... 18
3.2 Indeling in 4 tandgroepen of soorten ................................................................................... 18
3.3 Gebitsformules ..................................................................................................................... 18
, 3.4 Codering van de gebitselementen ........................................................................................ 19
3.4.1 Tandnummering volgens FDI ........................................................................................ 19
3.4.2 De codering met cijfers en letters ................................................................................. 19
3.4.3 De codering van Palmer ................................................................................................ 19
4 Het determineren v/e gebitselement ........................................................................................... 20
4.1 5 standaardvragen ................................................................................................................ 20
4.2 Determinatie kenmerken ..................................................................................................... 20
4.2.1 Setkenmerken............................................................................................................... 20
4.2.2 Groepskenmerken ........................................................................................................ 21
4.2.3 Tandboogkenmerken .................................................................................................... 21
4.2.4 Volgnummer/typekenmerken ...................................................................................... 21
4.2.5 Rechts/links kenmerken ............................................................................................... 21
5 Bijzondere morfologische kenmerken van de blijvende gebitselementen ................................... 22
5.1 Centrale snijtand 1e kwadrant (11) ...................................................................................... 22
5.1.1 Functie .......................................................................................................................... 22
5.1.2 Algemene vorm ............................................................................................................ 22
5.1.3 Vestibulair vlak ............................................................................................................. 22
5.1.4 Palataal vlak .................................................................................................................. 22
5.1.5 Mesiaal en distaal vlak .................................................................................................. 22
5.1.6 Ligging contactpunten .................................................................................................. 22
5.1.7 Incisaal vlak................................................................................................................... 22
5.1.8 Wortelkenmerken ........................................................................................................ 22
5.2 Morfologie v/d laterale snijtand 1e kwadrant (12) ............................................................... 23
5.2.1 Functie .......................................................................................................................... 23
5.2.2 Algemene vorm ............................................................................................................ 23
5.2.3 Vestibulair vlak ............................................................................................................. 23
5.2.4 Palataal vlak .................................................................................................................. 23
5.2.5 Mesiale en distale vlakken ............................................................................................ 23
5.2.6 Ligging v/d contactpunten ............................................................................................ 23
5.2.7 Incisaal vlak................................................................................................................... 23
5.2.8 Wortelkenmerken ........................................................................................................ 23
5.3 Het verschil tussen de centrale bovensnijtand en de laterale bovensnijtand ...................... 24
5.4 Morfologie v/d definitieve bovenhoektand 1e kwadrant (13).............................................. 24
5.4.1 Functie .......................................................................................................................... 24
, 5.4.2 Algemene vorm ............................................................................................................ 24
5.4.3 Vestibulair vlak ............................................................................................................. 24
5.4.4 Palataal vlak .................................................................................................................. 24
5.4.5 Mesiaal en distaal vlak .................................................................................................. 24
5.4.6 Ligging contactpunten .................................................................................................. 24
5.4.7 Incisaal vlak................................................................................................................... 24
5.4.8 Wortelkenmerken ........................................................................................................ 25
5.5 Morfologie v/d definitieve 1e bovenpremolaar 1e kwadrant (14) ....................................... 25
5.5.1 Functie .......................................................................................................................... 25
5.5.2 Algemene vorm ............................................................................................................ 25
5.5.3 Vestibulair vlak ............................................................................................................. 25
5.5.4 Palataal vlak .................................................................................................................. 25
5.5.5 Mesiaal en distaal vlak .................................................................................................. 25
5.5.6 Ligging v/d contactpunten ............................................................................................ 25
5.5.7 Occlusaal aspect ........................................................................................................... 26
5.5.8 Wortelkenmerken ........................................................................................................ 26
5.5.9 Zeer kenmerkend voor 1e premolaar ........................................................................... 26
5.6 Morfologie v/d definitieve 2e bovenpremolaar 1e kwadrant (15) ....................................... 26
5.6.1 functie........................................................................................................................... 26
5.6.2 Algemene vorm ............................................................................................................ 26
5.6.3 Vestibulair vlak ............................................................................................................. 26
5.6.4 Linguaal vlak ................................................................................................................. 27
5.6.5 Mesiaal en distaal vlak .................................................................................................. 27
5.6.6 Ligging v/d contactpunten ............................................................................................ 27
5.6.7 Occlusaal vlak ............................................................................................................... 27
5.6.8 Wortelkenmerken ........................................................................................................ 27
5.7 Verschil tussen 1e bovenpremolaar en 2e bovenpremolaar ................................................ 27
5.8 Morfologie v/d definitieve 1e bovenmolaar 1e kwadrant (16) ............................................. 28
5.8.1 Functie .......................................................................................................................... 28
5.8.2 Algemene vorm ............................................................................................................ 28
5.8.3 Vestibulair vlak ............................................................................................................. 28
5.8.4 Palataal vlak .................................................................................................................. 28
5.8.5 Mesiaal en distaal vlak .................................................................................................. 28
5.8.6 Ligging contactpunten .................................................................................................. 28
, 5.8.7 Occlusaal vlak ............................................................................................................... 28
5.8.8 Wortelkenmerken ........................................................................................................ 29
5.9 Morfologie v/d definitieve 2e bovenmolaar 1e kwadrant (17) ............................................. 29
5.9.1 Functie .......................................................................................................................... 29
5.9.2 Algemene vorm ............................................................................................................ 29
5.9.3 Vestibulair vlak ............................................................................................................. 29
5.9.4 Palataal vlak .................................................................................................................. 29
5.9.5 Mesiaal en distaal vlak .................................................................................................. 29
5.9.6 Ligging contactpunten .................................................................................................. 29
5.9.7 Occlusaal vlak ............................................................................................................... 30
5.9.8 Wortelkenmerken ........................................................................................................ 30
5.10 Morfologie v/d definitieve 3e molaar ................................................................................... 30
5.11 Verschillen tussen bovenmolaren onderling ........................................................................ 30
5.11.1 Verschil tussen 1e en 2e bovenmolaar ......................................................................... 30
5.11.2 Verschil tussen 1e, 2e en 3e bovenmolaar ................................................................... 30
5.12 Morfologie v/d definitieve centrale ondersnijtand 4e kwadrant (41) .................................. 30
5.12.1 Functie .......................................................................................................................... 30
5.12.2 Algemene vorm ............................................................................................................ 30
5.12.3 Labiaal vlak ................................................................................................................... 30
5.12.4 Linguaal vlak ................................................................................................................. 31
5.12.5 Mesiaal en distaal vlak .................................................................................................. 31
5.12.6 Ligging v/d contactpunten ............................................................................................ 31
5.12.7 Incisaal vlak................................................................................................................... 31
5.12.8 Wortelkenmerken ........................................................................................................ 31
5.13 Morfologie v/d definitieve laterale snijtand 4e kwadrant (42) ............................................. 31
5.13.1 Functie .......................................................................................................................... 31
5.13.2 Algemene vorm ............................................................................................................ 31
5.13.3 Vestibulair vlak ............................................................................................................. 31
5.13.4 Linguaal vlak ................................................................................................................. 31
5.13.5 Mesiaal en distaal vlak .................................................................................................. 31
5.13.6 Ligging contactpunten .................................................................................................. 31
5.13.7 Incisaal vlak................................................................................................................... 32
5.13.8 Wortelkenmerken ........................................................................................................ 32
5.14 Verschil tussen centrale en laterale ondersnijtand .............................................................. 32
,5.15 Verschil tussen ondersnijtanden en bovensnijtanden .......................................................... 32
5.16 Morfologie v/d definitieve onderhoektand 4e kwadrant (43) .............................................. 32
5.16.1 Functie .......................................................................................................................... 32
5.16.2 Algemene vorm ............................................................................................................ 32
5.16.3 Vestibulair vlak ............................................................................................................. 32
5.16.4 Linguaal vlak ................................................................................................................. 33
5.16.5 Mesiaal en distaal vlak .................................................................................................. 33
5.16.6 Ligging v/d contactpunten ............................................................................................ 33
5.16.7 Incisaal vlak................................................................................................................... 33
5.17 Verschil tussen de onder- en bovenhoektand ...................................................................... 33
5.18 Morfologie v/d 1e premolaar onderkaak 4e kwadrant (44) ................................................. 33
5.18.1 Functie .......................................................................................................................... 33
5.18.2 Algemene vorm ............................................................................................................ 33
5.18.3 Vestubulair vlak ............................................................................................................ 33
5.18.4 Linguaal vlak ................................................................................................................. 34
5.18.5 Mesiaal en distaal vlak .................................................................................................. 34
5.18.6 Ligging v/d contactpunten ............................................................................................ 34
5.18.7 Occlusaal vlak ............................................................................................................... 34
5.18.8 Wortelkenmerken ........................................................................................................ 34
5.19 Morfologie v/d 2e premolaar onderkaak 4e kwadrant (45) ................................................. 34
5.19.1 Functie .......................................................................................................................... 34
5.19.2 Algemene vorm ............................................................................................................ 34
5.19.3 Vestibulair vlak ............................................................................................................. 34
5.19.4 Linguaal vlak ................................................................................................................. 34
5.19.5 Mesiaal en distaal vlak .................................................................................................. 35
5.19.6 Ligging v/d contactpunten ............................................................................................ 35
5.19.7 Occlusaal vlak ............................................................................................................... 35
5.19.8 Wortelkenmerken ........................................................................................................ 35
5.20 Verschil tussen 1e en 2e onderpremolaar ............................................................................ 35
5.21 Verschil tussen onder- en boven premolaren....................................................................... 35
5.22 Morfologie v/d 1e ondermolaar 4e kwadrant (46) ............................................................... 36
5.22.1 Functie .......................................................................................................................... 36
5.22.2 Algemene vorm ............................................................................................................ 36
5.22.3 Vestibulair vlak ............................................................................................................. 36
, 5.22.4 Linguaal vlak ................................................................................................................. 36
5.22.5 Mesiaal en distaal vlak .................................................................................................. 36
5.22.6 Ligging v/d contactpunten ............................................................................................ 36
5.22.7 Occlusaal vlak ............................................................................................................... 36
5.22.8 Wortelkenmerken ........................................................................................................ 37
5.23 Morfologie v/d 2e onderpremolaar 4e kwadrant (47).......................................................... 37
5.23.1 Functie .......................................................................................................................... 37
5.23.2 Algemene kenmerken ................................................................................................... 37
5.23.3 Vestibulair vlak ............................................................................................................. 37
5.23.4 Linguaal vlak ................................................................................................................. 37
5.23.5 Mesiaal en distaal vlak .................................................................................................. 37
5.23.6 Ligging contactpunten .................................................................................................. 38
5.23.7 Occlusaal vlak ............................................................................................................... 38
5.23.8 Wortelkenmerken ........................................................................................................ 38
5.24 Verschil tussen de 1e en 2e ondermolaar ............................................................................ 38
5.25 Morfologie v/d derde ondermolaar ...................................................................................... 38
5.26 Versschil tussen de onder en bovenmolaren ........................................................................ 38
6 Het melkgebit ............................................................................................................................... 39
6.1 Doorbraak v/d melktanden .................................................................................................. 39
6.2 Functies v/d melktanden ...................................................................................................... 39
6.3 Gebitswisseling ..................................................................................................................... 39
6.3.1 fase 1 ............................................................................................................................ 39
6.3.2 rustfase ......................................................................................................................... 39
6.3.3 fase 2 ............................................................................................................................ 39
6.4 Verschillen tussen melkelementen en blijvende elementen ................................................ 40
6.4.1 uitwendige verschillen .................................................................................................. 40
6.4.2 Inwendige verschillen ................................................................................................... 40
6.5 Bijzondere morfologische kenmerken v/d melktanden ........................................................ 40
6.5.1 De centrale melksnijtand rechts, bovenkaak (51) ......................................................... 40
6.5.2 De laterale melksnijtand rechts, bovenkaak (52) .......................................................... 40
6.5.3 De melkhoektand rechts, bovenkaak (53) .................................................................... 40
6.5.4 De 1e melkmolaar rechts, bovenkaak (54) ................................................................... 41
6.5.5 De 2e melkmolaar rechts, bovenkaak (55) ................................................................... 41
6.5.6 De centrale snijtand rechts, onderkaak (81) ................................................................. 41
, 6.5.7 De laterale snijtand rechts, onderkaak (82) .................................................................. 41
6.5.8 De melkhoektand rechts, onderkaak (83) ..................................................................... 41
6.5.9 1e melkmolaar rechts, onderkaak (84) ......................................................................... 41
6.5.10 2e melkmolaar rechts, onderkaak (85) ......................................................................... 41
7 Tandontwikkeling ......................................................................................................................... 42
7.1 Vorming kroon ...................................................................................................................... 42
7.1.1 Start .............................................................................................................................. 42
7.1.2 Knopfase ....................................................................................................................... 42
7.1.3 Kapfase ......................................................................................................................... 42
7.1.4 Klokfase ........................................................................................................................ 42
7.2 Vorming van de wortel ......................................................................................................... 43
8 Tandopstelling .............................................................................................................................. 44
8.1 Ligging van de contactpunten............................................................................................... 44
8.2 Functies van de contactpunten ............................................................................................ 44
8.3 Curve van Spee ..................................................................................................................... 44
8.4 Curve van Wilson .................................................................................................................. 44
8.5 Occlusie ................................................................................................................................ 44
8.6 Occlusie in het front ............................................................................................................. 44
8.7 Occlusie in de laterale delen. ................................................................................................ 44
,1 Anatomie
1.1 De mondholte
= lip
= hard gehemelte
= zacht gehemelte
= huig
= keelamandelen
= slokdarm
= tong
= zone tussen tanden en lip
1.2 Boven- en onderkaak
Rechtsboven Linksboven
1e kwadrant 2e kwadrant
Rechtsonder Linksonder
4e kwadrant 3e kwadrant
Maxilla = bovenkaak
Mandibula = onderkaak
mediaanvlak verdeeld tandboog in 2 gelijke delen, die zijn elkaars spiegelbeeld
Labiaal vlak = kant richting lippen van snij- en hoektanden
Bucaal vlak = kant richting wangen van premolaren en molaren
Mesiaal vlak = kant tand richting middenlijn mond
Distaal vlak = kant tand weg van middenlijn mond
Linguaal vlak = binnenkant onderkaak richting tong
Palatinaal vlak = binnenkant bovenkaak richting verhemelte
ATM = articulatio temporomandibularis
TMG = temporomandibulair gewricht
TMJ = temporomandibular joint
, os frontale = voorhoofdsbeen
os parientale = wandbeen
os occipitale = achterhoofdsbeen
os temporale = slaapbeen
os sphenoidale = wiggenbeen
os ethmoidale = zeefbeen
os lacrimale = traanbeen
maxilla = bovenkaak
os nasale = neusbeen
os zygomaticum = jukbeen
mandibula = onderkaak
arcus zygomaticus = jukbeenboog
1.3 De processus alveolaris
alveolaris = tandkas
alveole = holte in tandkas
interdentaal septum = botplaatje
tussen wortels van verschillende
tanden
interradiculair septum = botplaatje
tussen wortel van een meerwortelig
element
, 1.4 Het parodontium
kroon: coronaal
sulcus
m.g.g = grens tussen tandvlees
en slijmvlies
apex: apicaal mucosa = slijmvlies
gingiva = tandvlees
1.5 Het palatum
palatum durum = harde verhemelte
palatum molle = zachte verhemelte (eidingt in de huig/uvula)
1.6 Lingua
tong: tongbasis, tonglichaam, tongpunt
tong = spier bekleed met meerlagig, licht
verhoornd plaveiselepitheel
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