BSN 246 Practice HESI (1 & 2) | Questions and Answers | Latest 2025/ 2024 Update | Verified Solutions | GRADED A| 100% Correct

BSN 246 Practice HESI (1 & 2) | Questions and Answers | Latest 2025/ 2024 Update | Verified Solutions | GRADED A| 100% Correct Question: The registered nurse (RN) is caring for a young adult who is having an oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT). Which laboratory result should the RN assess as a normal value for the two hour postprandial result? 140 mg/dl. 160 mg/dl. 180 mg/dl. 200 mg/dl. Answer: 140 mg/dl. Rationale The two hour postprandial level should be less 140 mg/dl for a young adult client. Question: The registered nurse (RN) is caring for a client who has a closed head injury from a motor vehicle collision. Which finding should the RN assess the client for the risk of diabetes insipidus (DI)? High fever. Low blood pressure. Muscle rigidity. Polydipsia. Answer: Polydipsia. Rationale A characteristic finding of DI is excretion of large quantities of urine (5 to 20L/day), and most clients compensate for fluid loss by drinking large amounts of water (polydipsia). DI can occur when there has been damage or injury to the pituitary gland or hypothalamus as a result of head trauma, tumor or an illness such as meningitis. This damage interrupts the ADH production, storage and release causing the excessive urination and thirst. Question: The registered nurse (RN) is caring for a client who developed oliguria and was diagnosed with sepsis and dehydration 48 hours ago. Which assessment finding indicates to the RN that the client is stabilizing? Urine output of 40 mL/hour. Apical pulse 100 and blood pressure 76/42. Urine specific gravity 1.001. Tented skin on dorsal surface of hands. Answer: Urine output of 40 mL/hour. Rationale A decrease in urinary output is a sign of dehydration. When the urine output returns to a normal range, 40 mL/hour, the client's kidneys are perfusing adequately and indicates the client's status is stablizing. Question: A client who is uses ipratropium reports having nausea, blurred vision, headaches, and insomnia after using the inhaler. Which action should the registered nurse (RN) implement first? Withhold medication and report symptoms and vital signs to healthcare provider. Give PRN medication for nausea and vomiting and evaluate client in 30 minutes. Reassure client that the ipratropium given will alleviate the symptoms. Delay administration of ipratropium until next maintenance medication is scheduled. Answer: Withhold medication and report symptoms and vital signs to healthcare provider. Rationale Headache, nausea, blurred vision and insomnia are symptoms of excessive use of ipratropium, so withholding the medication until the healthcare provider is notified should be initiated to maintain client safety. Question: The registered nurse (RN) is assessing a client who was discharged home after management of chronic hypertension. Which equipment should the RN instruct the client to use at home? Exercise bicycle. Sphygmomanometer. Blood glucose monitor. Weekly medication box. Answer: Sphygmomanometer. Rationale Self-awareness is the best way for a client to manage chronic hypertension, so the client should obtain a sphygmomanometer and learn how to monitor blood pressure daily and maintain a record. Question: The registered nurse (RN) is teaching a client who is newly diagnosed with emphysema how to perform pursed lip breathing. What is the primary reason for teaching the client this method of breathing? Decreases respiratory rate. Increases O2 saturation throughout the body. Conserves energy while ambulating. Promotes CO2 elimination. Answer: Promotes CO2 elimination. Rationale Pursed lip breathing helps eliminate CO2 by increasing positive pressure within the alveoli increasing the surface area of the alveoli making it easier for the O2 and CO2 gas exchange to occur . Question: The registered nurse (RN) reviews the new prescription, phenelzine (Nardil), a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI), for a client on the psychiatric unit with depression. Which information is most important for the RN to assess? Consumption of any alcohol or tyramine-rich foods. Complaints of nausea or vomiting. Therapeutic serum drug levels. Blood pressure and pulse prior to taking each dose. Answer: Consumption of any alcohol or tyramine-rich foods Rationale The consumption of any type of tyramine containing foods such as aged cheeses, fermented fruits and vegetables, smoked or cured meats, dark wines and other alcoholic products should be avoided when a client is prescribed a MAOIs due to the a food-drug interaction causing a hypertensive crisis which can lead to a hemorrhagic stroke. Question: A registered nurse (RN) is performing a mini-mental state examination (MMSE) for a client who is being admitted to an assisted living community. Which communication techniques should the RN implement to decrease anxiety in the client? (Select all that apply.)Select all that apply Use simple sentences during the examination. Move to another question if the client seems confused. Reduce environmental detractors during the examination. Allow family to answer for the client to decrease frustration. Ask questions one at a time to decrease confusion. Answer: Use simple sentences during the examination. Reduce environmental detractors during the examination. Ask questions one at a time to decrease confusion. Rationale Communication techniques for clients with cognitive impairments should be simple, without environmental distractions, and direct. Question: The registered nurse (RN) is assessing common complications related to a client's recent diagnosis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Which symptom should the RN instruct the client to report immediately? Fever related to infection. Weight loss and anorexia. Depressed mood. Break in tissue integrity. Answer: Fever related to infection Rationale Secondary infections are a major concern with SLE clients due to the use of corticosteroids and chemotherapeutic agents, which suppresses the immune system, so reporting fever and infections should be reported immediately. Question: A Muslim male client refuses to let the female registered nurse (RN) listen to his breath sounds during the examination. How should the RN respond? Explain how the nursing skill will be performed before proceeding. Examine client with an additional healthcare provider for support. Request a male nurse or healthcare provider to perform the exam. Avoid any skills that involve touching the client during the exam. Answer: Request a male nurse or healthcare provider to perform the exam. Rationale Modesty is an important value in the Muslim community, and Muslims are reluctant to expose any part of their body to healthcare members. Muslim clients are accustomed to examination by "same sex" healthcare providers, so is the best solution for the client. Question: The registered nurse (RN) recognizes which client group is at the greatest risk for developing a urinary tract infection (UTI)? (Rank from highest risk to lowest risk.) Older females. Adolescent males. Older males. School-age female. Answer: 1.Older females. 2.School-age female. 3.Older males. 4.Adolescent males. Rationale Hypoestrogenism and alkalotic urine are other age-related factors put older women at the highest risk for UTIs. School age girls (6 to 12 years) are at risk for UTIs due to a higher prevalence to taking baths instead of showers, but these risks can be controlled in this population as well as hypoestrogenism and alkalotic urine. Older men are at risk due to possible obstruction of the bladder due to benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). Adolescent males (12 to 19 years) are the lowest at risk for a UTI.All individuals regardless of gender and/or age are at risk if the following conditions exist: vesicoureteral reflux, neuromuscular conditions, like Parkinson's disease, previous brain attacks, or the use of anticholinergic medications can all cause incomplete bladder emptying which can create bacterial overgrowth. Fecal and urinary incontinence contributes to poor perineal hygiene and bacterial growth. Question: The registered nurse (RN) is caring for a client with tuberculosis (TB) who is taking a combination drug regimen. The client complains about taking "so many pills." What information should the RN provide to the client about the prescribed treatement? The development of resistant strains of TB are decreased with a combination of drugs. Compliance to the medication regimen is challenging but should be maintained. Side effects are minimized with the use of a single medication but is less effective. Answer: The treatment time is decreased from 6 months to 3 months with this standard regimen. Rationale Combination therapy is necessary to decrease the development of resistant strains of TB and ensure treatment efficacy. The development of resistant strains of TB are decreased with a combination of drugs. Rationale Combination therapy is necessary to decrease the development of resistant strains of TB and ensure treatment efficacy. Question: The registered nurse (RN) palpates a weak pedal pulse in the client's right foot. Which assessment findings should the RN document that are consistent with diminished peripheral circulation? (Select all that apply.)Select all that apply Some correct answers were not selected Diminished hair on legs. Bruising on extremities. Skin cool to touch. Capillary refill less than 3 seconds. Darkened skin on extremities. Answer: Skin cool to touch. Diminished hair on legs. Rationale Diminished hair on the legs and skin that is cool to touch are expectant signs of decreased arterial blood flow. Question: A client with cirrhosis of the liver asks the registered nurse (RN) to explain how varicose veins can occur in the esophagus. Which statement should the RN provide to teach the client about the physiological etiology? The enlarged liver presses on the lower half of the esophagus which weakens blood vessel walls. Abnormal vessels form as a result of liver damage that causes chronic low serum protein levels. Esophageal swelling and tissue damage causes blood to circulate blood back through the stomach. Increased portal pressure causes blood flow through liver to be shunted to the esophageal vessels. Answer: Increased portal pressure causes blood flow through liver to be shunted to the esophageal vessels. Rationale Cirrhotic and fibrosed liver damage causes obstructed blood flow through portal vessels to the liver which increases the portal pressure causing the blood flow through the liver to be shunted to the esophageal vessels. The result of this shunting of blood causes the esophageal vessels (veins) to balloon out and weaken. As the portal hypertension increases, these esophageal varices can rupture and cause bleeding resulting in bloody emesis and black tarry stools Question: The registered nurse (RN) is caring for a client who has taken atenolol for 2 years. The healthcare provider recently changed the medication to enalaprilto manage the client's blood pressure. Which instruction should the RN provide the client regarding the new medication? Take the medication at bedtime. Report presence of increased bruising. Check pulse before taking medication. Rise slowly when getting out of bed or chair. Answer: Rise slowly when getting out of bed or chair. Rationale The client's new medication is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, which has the side effect oforthostatic hypotension. Instructing the client to rise slowly from a sitting or lying down position is important to teach the client to avoid dizziness and potentially falling Question: The registered nurse (RN) is teaching a client who is being discharged after treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Which cultural issues should the RN assess when preparing the client for discharge? (Select all that apply.) Native language. Education level. Type of lifestyle. Financial resources. Previous medical history. Native language. Education level. Type of lifestyle. Answer: Financial resources. Rationale To ensure compliance the client's native language, education level, lifestyle, and financial resources should be considered when preparing the client's discharge instructions about the continuation of treatment for TB. Question: The nurse palpates a weak pedal pulse in the client's right foot. Which assessment findings should the RN document that are consistent with diminished peripheral circulation? (Select all that apply.) Diminished hair on legs Bruising on extremities Skin cool to touch Capillary refill less than 3 seconds Darkened skin on extremities Answer: Skin cool to touch Darkened skin on extremities Rationale Diminished hair on the legs and skin that is cool to touch are symptoms of decreased arterial blood flow. The other options are not indicators for impaired peripheral circulation. Question: A client with progressive hearing loss appears distressed when the registered nurse (RN) asks open-ended questions about the client's health history. Which forms of communication should the RN use? Select all that apply Face the client so the client can see the RN's mouth. Increase one's speech volume when interacting with the client. Repeat information to the client if misunderstood. Check if the client's hearing aides are working properly. Reduce environmental noise surrounding the client. Face the client so the client can see the RN's mouth. Answer: Repeat information to the client if misunderstood. Check if the client's hearing aides are working properly. Reduce environmental noise surrounding the client. Rationale A client with hearing loss can develop the ability to read "lips," so facing the client during conversation allows visualization of the lips and directs the sound towards the client. Inspection of the hearing aide device's functionality is a vital step in communication. Hearing aides magnify all surrounding noise, so it is imperative to reduce outside environmental noise during the interview process. Speaking clearly with enunciation and in a regular tone is easier for a client to understand than increasing the volume of speech. If a client shows signs of confusion, rephrasing the question, instead of repeating, should be done to decrease client anxiety and facilitate understanding. Question: The registered nurse (RN) is evaluating a client who presents with symptoms of viral gastroenteritis. Which assessment finding should the RN report to the healthcare provider? Dry mucous membranes and lips. Rebound abdominal tenderness over right lower quadrant. Dizziness when client ambulates from a sitting position. Poor skin turgor over client's wrist. Answer: Rebound abdominal tenderness over right lower quadrant. Rationale RLQ rebound abdominal tenderness may be related to acute appendicitis and should be reported to the healthcare provider. Question: The registered nurse (RN) is caring for an older client who has been bedridden for two weeks. Which assessment findings indicate to the RN that the client is developing a complication related to immobility? Decreased pedal pulses. Edema in upper extremities. Loss of appetite for food. Stiffness in right ankle joint. Answer: Stiffness in right ankle joint. Rationale Stiffness in joints is an early sign of contractures and muscle atrophy related to inactivity and immobility Question: After a liver biopsy is performed at the bedside, the registered nurse (RN) is assigned the care of the client. Which nursing intervention is most important for the RN to implement? Position client on left side with pillow placed under the costal margin. Assist the client with voiding immediately after the procedure. Evaluate vital signs q10 to 20 minutes for 2 hours after procedure. Ambulate client 3 times in first hour with pillow held at abdomen. Answer: Evaluate vital signs q10 to 20 minutes for 2 hours after procedure. Rationale Vital signs should be checked every 10 to 20 minutes to assess for bleeding after biopsy of the liver, which is highly vascular. The client should be positioned on the right side with a pillow or sandbag under the costal margin and supporting the biopsy site. The client should be maintained on bedrest for several hours to decrease the risk of bleeding from the biopsy site. Question: The registered nurse (RN) is caring for a client with a newly placed nasogastric tube (NGT). Once the placement of the NG tube is verified by x-ray, which technique should the RN use as a reliable method to ensure the NGT is not displaced? Check pH of aspirated stomach contents obtained from the NGT. Auscultate over the epigastrium while injecting air into the NGT. Disconnect and place the end of NGT in water to see if bubbles appear. Listen for hyperactive bowel sounds in all four quadrants of abdomen. Answer: Check pH of aspirated stomach contents obtained from the NGT. Rationale Checking the pH of the aspirate is the best method to validate that the NGT is not displaced and should reveal an acidic pH of 1.5 to 3.5 due to presence of gastric acid. Question: A client in an ambulatory clinic describes awaking in the middle of the night with difficulty breathing and shortness of breath related to paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. Which underlying condition should the registered nurse (RN) identify in the client's history? Chronic bronchitis. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Heart failure (HF). Chronic pancreatitis. Answer: Heart failure (HF) Rationale Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea is classic sign of heart failure and is secondary to fluid overload associated with heart failure which causes pulmonary edema. Question: The registered nurse (RN) uses the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) when assessing a client for admission to an assisted living facility. Which finding is the RN assessing when requesting the client to count by 7s? Recall of information. Orientation to surroundings. Attention to details. Ability to follow complex commands. Answer: Attention to details. Rationale When conducting the MMSE and having the client count backwards by 7s; this evaluates their ability to do simple calculations and is specific to the client's attention to detail and staying focus and not getting distracted by external stimuli. Question: The registered nurse (RN) is assisting the healthcare provider (HCP) with the removal of a chest tube. Which intervention has the highest priority and should be anticipated by the RN after the removal of the chest tube? Prepare the client for chest x-ray at the bedside. Review arterial blood gases after removal. Elevate the head of bed to 45 degrees. Assist with disassembling the drainage system. Answer: Prepare the client for chest x-ray at the bedside Rationale A chest x-ray should be performed immediately after the removal of a chest tube to ensure lung expansion has been maintained after its removal. Question: An infant with heart failure receives a prescription, digoxin 35 mcg PO. The registered nurse (RN) calcuate the desired dose for administration using the available concentration of digoxin labeled, 0.05 mg/mL. How many milliliters should the registered nurse (RN) prepare for administration?(Enter the numerical value only. If rounding is required round to the nearest tenth.) Answer: 0.7 Rationale Desired dose, 35 mcg converts to 0.035 mg because the equivalent is 1 mg = 1,000 mcgUsing the formula, D/H x A = 0.035 mg / 0.05 mg x 1 mL = 0.7 mLor use the ratio proportion method of: 35mcg/X ml :: 1000mcg/1mL = 0.035mg; 0.035mg/XmL :: 0.05mg/mL =0.035mg/0.7mL Question: A female client calls the clinic and talks with the registered nurse (RN) to inquire about a possible reaction after taking amoxicillin for 5 days. She reports having vaginal discomfort, itching, and a white discharge. The RN should discuss which action with the client? Discontinue the antibiotic because original symptoms have subsided. Continue taking medication until finished until the symptoms subside. Consult with healthcare provider about another treatment for this effect. Use an over-the-counter (OTC) vaginal wash to flush out the secretions. Answer: Consult with healthcare provider about another treatment for this effect Rationale A superinfection with normal flora yeast may occur during antibiotic therapy. If suspected, the new onset of findings should be reported to the healthcare provider for another prescribed treatment to treat the superinfection. Question: A female client is recently diagnosed with Sarcoidosis. The client tells the registered nurse (RN) that she does not understand why she has this. When teaching about the occurrence of sarcoidosis, the RN should include that sarcoidosis most commonly occurs with which ethnic group of women? African American women. Caucasian women. Asian women. Hispanic women. Answer: African American women. Rationale Sarcoidosis, an autoimmune inflammatory disease affecting multiple organs and has shown familial tendency due to multiple genes that together increase the susceptibility of developing the disease. In research studies it occurs more commonly in African American women (10-80 out of 100,000); compare to Caucasian women of the United States (8 out of 100,000). Question: The registered nurse (RN) did not note that a prescription dose was recently changed and did not note the updated medication administration record (MAR). After giving the client the original dose, the RN reports the medication error to the nurse manager. What consequences will the RN experience due to this error in medication administration? The incident will be reported to the state's Board of Nursing (BON). A medication error report will be completed and risk management will be notified. The RN will be suspended from medication administration until the error is investigated. The incident will be documented in the RN's personnel file. Answer: A medication error report will be completed and risk management will be notified. Rationale By reviewing quality of care internally, steps of care can be evaluated and staff can be educated where gaps are identified. The medication report and notification of management is the responsibility of the RN who made the mistake, so an internal review of the steps of the occurrence can be completed to determine further risk potentials. Question: A client is admitted for dehydration, weight loss, and a flat affect. After reviewing the client's history, the registered nurse (RN) discovers that the client's spouse died 2 weeks ago. Which nursing interventions should the RN implement to help the client begin the process of dealing with loss? Select all that apply Establish trust by creating an safe atmosphere for sharing. Share personal stories about how other clients dealt with grief. Help the client identify ways to adapt lifestyle to accommodate loss. Assure the client that their grief will last a short period of time. Explore ways to assist the client to make new emotional investments. Establish trust by creating an safe atmosphere for sharing. Help the client identify ways to adapt lifestyle to accommodate loss. Answer: Explore ways to assist the client to make new emotional investments. Rationale Interventions that could aid the client in maneuvering through the stages of grieving and establishing a foundation to continue life should include creating a safe atmosphere for sharing, helping the client to identify ways to adapt to a life style without their spouse and exploring ways to make new emotional investments. Question: Which action should the registered nurse (RN) implement to complete an assessment for a client while using an interpreter? Ask closed-ended questions with the assistance of the interpreter. Maintain eye contact with the client while listening to the translation. Instruct interpreter to answer questions from interpreter's point of view. Protect the client's privacy by asking a limited number of questions. Answer: Maintain eye contact with the client while listening to the translation. Rationale When completing an assessment, the RN should maintain eye contact with the client to gather additional information from the client's nonverbal cues. Question: The registered nurse (RN) is caring for an older client who recently experienced a fractured pelvis from a fall. Which assessment finding is most important for the RN to report the healthcare provider? Lower back pain. Headache of 7 on scale 1 to 10. Blood pressure of 140/98. Dyspnea. Answer: Dyspnea. Rationale A client with a large bone fracture is at risk for intramedullary fat leaking into the blood stream and becoming embolic. Dyspnea is an indication of fat embolism to the lungs and should be reported to the healthcare provider immediately. Question: While reviewing the client's electronic medical record (EMR), the registered nurse (RN) assesses a client who is at risk for a possible interaction with an over-the-counter (OTC) decongestant. Which client health history should the RN report to the healthcare provider concerning the OTC medication? (Select all that apply). Type I diabetes mellitus (DM). Closed angle glaucoma. Chronic hypertension. Rheumatoid arthritis. Crohn's disease. Answer: Closed angle glaucoma. Chronic hypertension. Rationale OTC decongestants can increase intraocular pressure and should be avoided in clients with closed angle glaucoma. Decongestants also can increase the heart rate and elevate blood pressure which can impact the client's management of chronic hypertension. Question: The registered nurse (RN) assesses a client's results for arterial blood gases who has emphysema. Which finding is consistent with respiratory acidosis? pH 7.32, pCO2 46 mmHg, HCO3 24 MEq/L. pH 7.45 , pCO2 37 mmHg, HCO3 24 mEq/L. pH 7.34, pCO2 36 mmHg, HCO3 21 mEq/L. pH 7.46, pCO2 35 mmHg, HCO3 28 mEq/L. Answer: pH 7.32, pCO2 46 mmHg, HCO3 24 MEq/L Rationale Normal ABG ranges are pH 7.35 to 7.45; pCO2 35 to 45 mmHg; HCO3 21 to 28 mEq/L, and pO2 80 to 100 mmHg. An ABG of pH 7.32, pCO2 46 mmHg, HCO3 24 MEq/L represents a client with respiratory acidosis which is characterized by: low pH, pCO2higher than normal, and HCO3 within normal limits. Question: An older client is admitted to the hospital with severe diarrhea. The registered nurse (RN) is completing an assessment and notes the client has dry mucous membranes and poor skin turgor. Which assessment data should the RN gather to determine if the client has a fluid volume deficit? Lower extremity edema. Orthostatic hypotension. Elevated blood pressure. Cheyne-Stokes respirations. Answer: Orthostatic hypotension. Rationale Orthostatic hypotension can be a sign of fluid volume deficit in an older client who has experienced severe diarrhea. Question: A client with chest pain, dizziness, and vomiting for the last 2 hours is admitted for evaluation for Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). Which cardiac biomarker should the registered nurse (RN) anticipate to be elevated if the client experienced myocardial damage? Creatine Kinase (CK-MB). Serum troponin. Myoglobin. Ischemia modified albumin. Answer: Serum troponin. Rationale Troponin is the most sensitive and specific test for myocardial damage. Troponin elevation is more specific than CK-MB. Question: The registered nurse (RN) is developing the plan of care for a client who is admitted for alcohol detoxification. Which goal should be most important for the RN to primarily focus the client's care? The client maintains optimal nutritional status. The client will remain alert and oriented. The client will remain free from injury. The client will remain alcohol free during hospitalization. Answer: The client will remain free from injury. Rationale The client is at highest risk for injury due to altered cognitive and sensory disturbances as well as delirium tremors during withdrawal. Remaining free from injury is the most important goal for the acute phase of alcohol withdrawal. Question: The registered nurse (RN) is interviewing a female client who states she has a persistent productive cough during the winter caused by bronchitis. Which additional finding should the RN assess for bronchitis? Phlegm production and wheezing. Smoking history. Hemoptysis. Answer: Night sweats. Phlegm production and wheezing Rationale A chronic seasonal cough related to bronchitis is likely accompanied with phlegm production and wheezing. Although smoking can contribute to a chronic cough, the typical seasonal cough is an inflammatory reaction to seasonal changes. Question: The registered nurse (RN) is caring for an Asian client who refuses to make eye contact during conversations. How should the RN assess this client's response? The client cannot understand the nurse. The client is uncomfortable with the nurse. The client is treating the nurse with respect. The client is purposefully disrespecting the nurse. Answer: The client is treating the nurse with respect Rationale In some Asian cultures, it is not appropriate to look a person of authority in the eye, so the client is being respectful by looking down while speaking with the nurse. Question: The registered nurse (RN) notifies the spouse of a client who was admitted to hospice with shallow respirations, of a change in the client's condition. Over the past hour, the client's respiratory pattern has changed to a Cheyne Stokes pattern. After receiving this information, the client's spouse begins vacuuming around the bed. Which stage of grief is the spouse displaying during the visit? Acceptance. Denial. Bargaining. Depression. Answer: Denial. Rationale The spouse is exhibiting the first stage of denial of Kubler-Ross's grief model by ignoring that the client's death is imminent. Question: The registered nurse (RN) is caring for a client with aplastic anemia who is hospitalized for weight loss and generalized weakness. Laboratory values show a white blood count (WBC) of 2,500/mm3 and a platelet countof 160,000/mm3. Which intervention is the primary focus in the client's plan of care for the RN to implement? Assist with frequent ambulation. Encourage visitors to visit. Maintain strict protective precautions. Avoid peripheral injections. Answer: Maintain strict protective precautions Rationale The client should be under strict protective transmission precautions because the WBC values are low and normal WBC levels are 4,000-10,000/mm3, so the client is an increased high risk for infection. Question: Twenty four hours after a client returns from surgical gastric bypass, the registered nurse (RN) observes large amounts of blood in the nasogastric tube (NGT) cannister. Which assessment finding should the RN report as early signs of hypovolemic shock? Faint pedal pulses. Decrease in blood pressure. Lethargy. Slow breathing. Answer: Lethargy. Rationale One of the early signs of hypovolemic shock is changes in the client's level of consciousness due to the decrease perfusion to the brain which can manifests as lethargy or confusion. Question: The registered nurse (RN) is administering haloperidol 0.5 mg IM PRN to a client for the first time. What side effects should the RN assess the client for during the initial dose? Bradykinesia. Dystonia. Somatization. Akathisia. Answer: Dystonia. Rationale Dystonia can be a sudden adverse reaction to this psychotropic medication which should be discontinued to resolve dystonia, and the healthcare provider notified immediately. Question: A male client is admitted after falling from his bed. The healthcare provider (HCP) tells the family that he has an incomplete fracture of the humerus. The family ask the RN what this means. Which type of fracture should the RN explain from these findings? Straignt fracture line that is also a simple, closed fracture. Nondisplaced fracture line that wraps around the bone. A complete fracture that also punctures the skin. A fracture that bends or splinters part of the bone. Answer: A fracture that bends or splinters part of the bone Rationale An incomplete fracture occurs when part of the bone is splintered (broken) and it has not gone completely through the thickness of the bone. Question: While caring for a client who has esophageal varices, which nursing intervention is most important for the registered nurse (RN) to implement? Monitor infusing IV fluids and any replacement blood products. Prepare for esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). Maintain the client on strict bedrest. Insert a nasogastric tube (NGT) for intermittent suction. Answer: Monitor infusing IV fluids and any replacement blood products. Rationale Maintaining hemodynamic stability in a client with esophageal varicescan precipitatea life-threatening crisis if esophageal varies leak or rupture and can result in hemorrhage. The priority is assessing and monitoring infusions of IV fluids and any replacement blood products. Question: The registered nurse (RN) is making early morning rounds on a group of clients when a client begins exhibiting symptoms of an acute asthma attack. The RN administers a PRN prescription for a Beta 2 receptor agonist agent. Which client response should the RN expect? Select all that apply Tachycardia. Increased blood pressure. Rapid resolution of wheezing. Improved pulse oximetry values. Reduce fever airway inflammation. Answer: Rapid resolution of wheezing. Improved pulse oximetry values. Rationale Beta 2 receptor agonist agents should provide immediate return of airflow and resolve wheezing and improve oxygenation. Question: A client is newly diagnosed with diverticulosis. The registered nurse (RN)is assessing the client's basic knowledge about the disease process. Which statement by the client conveys the client's understanding of the etiology of diverticula? Over use of laxatives for bowel regularity result in loss of peristaltic tone. Inflammation of the colon mucosa cause growths that protrude into the colon lumen. Diverticulosis is the result of high fiber diet and sedentary life style. Chronic constipation causes weakening of colon wall which result in out-pouching sacs. Answer: Chronic constipation causes weakening of colon wall which result in out-pouching sacs. Rationale A client who has chronic constipation often strains to pass constipated stool which increases intestinal pressure that weakens the intestinal walls and causes out-pouching sacs, called diverticula which commonly occur in the sigmoid. Question: The registered nurse (RN) is assessing a male client who arrives at the clinic with severe abdominal cramping, pain, tenesmus, and dehydration. The RN discovers that the client has had 14 to 20 loose stools with rectal bleeding. Which condition should the RN ask the client about his medical history? Irritable bowel syndrome. Diverticulitis. Crohn's disease. Ulcerative colitis. Answer: Ulcerative colitis. Rationale The RN should ask the client if he has a history of ulcerative colitis, which is characterized by severe abdominal cramping, pain, tenesmus, and dehydration Question: The registered nurse (RN) is caring for a client with peptic ulcer disease (PUD). What assessment should the RN identify and document that is consistent with PUD? (Select all that apply). Hematemesis. Gastric pain on an empty stomach. Colic-like pain with fatty food ingestion. Intolerance of spicy foods. Diarrhea and stearrhea. Answer: Hematemesis. Gastric pain on an empty stomach. Intolerance of spicy foods. Rationale Manifestations of PUD include hematemesis, gastric pain, and spicy food intolerance. Question: The registered nurse (RN) places an ice pack on a middle school student who comes to the school clinic complaining of a sprained ankle. Which therapeutic response should the RN anticipate? Reduced pain and minimized bruising. Lowering of body core temperature. Increased circulation around injury. Reabsorption of edema at injury. Answer: Reduced pain and minimized bruising Rationale Cold applications produce a topical anesthetic effect to reduce pain as well as constricts blood vessels to minimize bruising. Question: The registered nurse (RN) is caring for a client with acute pancreatitis and assesses the admission laboratory results. What laboratory value should the RN anticipate being elevated with this diagnosis? Triglycerides. Amylase. Creatinine. Uric acid. Answer: Amylase. Rationale An elevated amylase level is associated with acute pancreatitis.