Body Effect Anti-diabetic Agent Classification Insulins
Examples of this class: Rapid Acting- Lispro, Aspart, Glulisine, Afrezza; Short Acting- Regular; Intermediate- NPH;
Long Acting- Levemir, Glargine; Mixed Insulins- Humalog 75/25, Humalog 50/50, Novolog 70/30, Novolin 70/30
MOA: Uses:
Acts on specific receptors located on the cell membrane of every Common:
cell to stimulate glucose transport across cell membrane to lower Diabetes Mellitus Type I & II; Gestational Diabetes; Diabetic
glucose levels in the bloodstream Ketoacidosis; Treatment-induced hyperglycemia (caused by such
Promotes the conversion of glucose to glycogen medications as steroids)
Helps move potassium back into cell
Less Frequent:
Hyperkalemia-Insulin used with D50 (to maintain glucose levels)
Route: All given SC except Afrezza which is inhaled
Rapid and Short acting can also be given IV
Minor adverse drug reactions: Major adverse drug reactions:
Drowsiness Hypoglycemia- glucose less than 70
Lipohypertrophy Coma
Itching at injection site Anaphylaxis
Cough- Afrezza only
Contraindications:
Know Onset-Peak-Duration for each kind Hypoglycemia- glucose less than 70
Pertinent findings associated with the drug: Other important data (antidote, drug/food interactions, dose
Diet order or NPO; can patient safely eat foods/liquids adjustment, Labs…):
What time do meals arrive on the floor? When mixing insulins- Rapid and short acting can mix with
Is the patient eating any of their meals? Or snacks? Intermediate- Follow the “Clear before cloudy” rule
Blood glucose level (only good for 30minutes, then need to
recheck) Antidote- Glucagon or D50W
Recent Hemoglobin A1C level (looks at glucose level average for
the last 3 months) Know S/S of hypo/hyperglycemia:
And changes in drug doses if given for drug-induced Hot and dry-sugar high; cold and clammy-needs some candy
hyperglycemia
ATI p307-308; Text p 504-508
Examples of this class: Rapid Acting- Lispro, Aspart, Glulisine, Afrezza; Short Acting- Regular; Intermediate- NPH;
Long Acting- Levemir, Glargine; Mixed Insulins- Humalog 75/25, Humalog 50/50, Novolog 70/30, Novolin 70/30
MOA: Uses:
Acts on specific receptors located on the cell membrane of every Common:
cell to stimulate glucose transport across cell membrane to lower Diabetes Mellitus Type I & II; Gestational Diabetes; Diabetic
glucose levels in the bloodstream Ketoacidosis; Treatment-induced hyperglycemia (caused by such
Promotes the conversion of glucose to glycogen medications as steroids)
Helps move potassium back into cell
Less Frequent:
Hyperkalemia-Insulin used with D50 (to maintain glucose levels)
Route: All given SC except Afrezza which is inhaled
Rapid and Short acting can also be given IV
Minor adverse drug reactions: Major adverse drug reactions:
Drowsiness Hypoglycemia- glucose less than 70
Lipohypertrophy Coma
Itching at injection site Anaphylaxis
Cough- Afrezza only
Contraindications:
Know Onset-Peak-Duration for each kind Hypoglycemia- glucose less than 70
Pertinent findings associated with the drug: Other important data (antidote, drug/food interactions, dose
Diet order or NPO; can patient safely eat foods/liquids adjustment, Labs…):
What time do meals arrive on the floor? When mixing insulins- Rapid and short acting can mix with
Is the patient eating any of their meals? Or snacks? Intermediate- Follow the “Clear before cloudy” rule
Blood glucose level (only good for 30minutes, then need to
recheck) Antidote- Glucagon or D50W
Recent Hemoglobin A1C level (looks at glucose level average for
the last 3 months) Know S/S of hypo/hyperglycemia:
And changes in drug doses if given for drug-induced Hot and dry-sugar high; cold and clammy-needs some candy
hyperglycemia
ATI p307-308; Text p 504-508
