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CRM1300 Midterm 2 Notes for Introduction to Criminology
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CRM1300Midterm
2
Notes
Roots
of
Violence
Personal
Traits
• E.g.
brain
injuries,
mental
illness,
abnormal
brain
wave
patterns,
low
intelligence,
psychotic
symptoms,
etc.
• We
don’t
know
enough
of
the
brain
to
say
100%
it
causes
anything
Family
Dysfunction
• Family
violence,
physical
and
sexual
abuse,
physical
punishment,
inconsistent
discipline
• As
children,
we
see
violence,
we
replicate
it,
especially
from
the
mass
media
Drugs
• Alcohol
increases
aggression
Trafficking
Creates
Disputes
• The
underground
economy
is
ruled
with
barrels
of
guns…they
can’t
call
police
since
there
are
drugs
involved
• Uniform
of
drug
dealer:
always
carries
a
gun
for
protection
and
to
threaten
Addiction
Created
Need
for
Money
o When
you
do
not
have
access
to
drugs,
and
you
run
out
of
money,
you
start
to
steal
Interpersonal
Violence
Definition:
physically
injurious
acts
committed
by
one
or
more
people
against
one
or
more
others
Homicide
Justified
Homicide:
the
killing
of
armed
and
dangerous
felons
by
police
or
private
citizens
Homicide
is
more
common
in
the
South
§ History
of
slavery,
as
a
violent
institution,
made
the
South
accustomed
to
the
use
of
violence
in
everyday
life
§ Warmer
temperatures
§ Southerners
became
orientated
with
violence
years
ago
when
the
economy
was
primarily
rustlers,
and
herders
protecting
their
land
and
animals
-‐ Homicide
is
higher
in
nations
with
greater
economic
inequality,
measured
as
the
difference
between
rich
and
poor
-‐ Population
density,
household
overcrowding,
dilapidated
living
conditions,
weak
social
institutions,
and
concentrated
disadvantage
(eg:
poverty,
unemployment)
Statistics
§ Peaked
in
the
early
70s
and
is
now
decreasing
§ Ukraine
has
the
highest
rate,
Canada
is
at
1/3
of
the
U.S.
rate,
Asian
countries
have
the
lowest
rate
§ Suspects
predominantly
male
18-‐24
§ In
Canada
o 605
homicides
reported
o 1.85
homicides
per
100,000
population
o West
has
the
highest
rate
, o 52%
of
female
and
8%
of
male
victims
were
killed
by
someone
they
knew
§ Methods
of
Killing
o 35%
stabbing
o 31%
firearms
o 19%
beaten
o 8%
strangled
o Poisoning,
drowning,
burning,
vehicle
as
weapon,
smothering,
electrocution,
explosive,
etc.
Murder
Categories
(1) First-‐Degree
Murder:
offender
planned
to
kill
the
victim
and
then
did
so
(premeditated
murder)
(2) Second-‐Degree
Murder:
deaths
in
which
an
offender
intended
to
do
serious
bodily
harm
short
of
killing
the
victim
but
the
victim
died
(3) Voluntary
Manslaughter:
killings
committed
out
of
intense
emotion
such
as
anger
or
fear
(4) Involuntary
Manslaughter:
killings
committed
because
offenders
have
acted
recklessly
(5) Infanticide:
killing
of
an
infant
(under
18
months
old)
Mass
Murder
Definition:
killing
of
many
people
(kill
at
mass)
Serial
Killing
Definition:
killing
3
or
more
people
within
30
days
or
more
(kill
in
sequence)
Mass
Murder/Serial
Killing
Examples
Ken
and
Barbie
§ Carla
Homolka
and
Paul
Bernardo.
They
met
in
Toronto
and
decided
to
get
engaged
and
married.
Carla
was
not
a
virgin
when
they
met,
so
to
atone
for
this
she
offered
her
sister.
She
knocked
her
out
with
ether
(used
in
early
part
of
20th
Century
for
medical
purposes)
which
she
got
from
the
vet
clinic
she
worked
at.
She
used
too
much
and
her
sister
died.
Somehow
they
explained
it
and
life
moved
on.
They
subsequently
kidnapped
Leslie
Mahaffy
and
Kristen
French.
They
cut
their
tendons
to
prevent
them
from
leaving,
and
sexually
assaulted
them,
then
killed
them.
Police
finally
did
catch
the
couple.
Son
of
Sam
§ David
Burkwoods.
In
summer
of
’77
there
was
a
series
of
killings.
Used
a
44-‐caliber
gun
to
kill
brunette
women
engaged
in
“lovers
lane”
type
shinanigans.
Women
started
dying
hair
blonde.
He
was
caught
from
a
traffic
violation.
He
was
schizophrenic,
taking
orders
from
a
demonic
dog
and
left
notes
at
crime
scenes.
Marc
Lepine
§ Walked
into
École
Ploytechnique,
separated
men
and
women
and
proceeded
to
kill
the
women,
letting
the
men
go
à
Femicide
My
Lai
§ Hidden
from
public
sight.
When
it
became
a
public
issue,
it
was
very
important
in
the
U.S.
U.S.
became
polarized:
some
wanted
them
to
be
charged,
others
wanted
charges
dropped.
Lieutenant
Cali
was
charged,
the
rest
of
them
all
dropped
§ There
was
denial.
If
they
were
to
send
them
to
jail,
they
would
send
their
sons,
husbands,
cousins,
nephews,
etc.
to
jail
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