These substances stimulate nerve endings, starting the pain process.
Rubbing a painful area with massage or liniment stimulates large sensory fibers
Result
Closes gate
Reduces pain sensation
Adjuvant Drugs
Assist primary drugs in relieving pain
NSAIDs
Antidepressants
Anticonvulsants
Corticosteroids
Example: adjuvant drugs for neuropathic pain
Amitriptyline (antidepressant)
Gabapentin or pregabalin (anticonvulsants)
World health organization 3-Step Analgesic Ladder
Step 1: non-opioids (with or without adjuvant medications) after the pain has been
identified and assessed. If pain persists or increases, treatment moves to
Step 2: opioids with or without non-opioids and with or without adjuvants. If pain
persists or increases, management then rises to
Step 3: opioids indicated for moderate to severe pain, administered with or without non-
opioids or adjuvant medications. (this should be the very last)
2
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller chamberlain_university. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $15.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
