Summary
Summary Chapter 2 - Mendelian Inheritance
- Course
- Institution
- Book
Chapter 2 of Genetics by Brooker.
[Show more]
Connected book
Book Title:
Author(s):
- Edition:
- ISBN:
- Edition:
More summaries for
-
Genetics, Translation Chapter 13
-
Genetic Analysis, Chapter 11
-
Cell division, Chapter 3
Seller
Followsachajacobs
Reviews received
Content preview
Chapter 2 - Mendelian Inheritance2.1 Mendel's study of pea plants
Mendel chose pea plants as his experimental organism. When two distinct individuals
with different characteristics are bred to each other, this is called a cross, or hybridization
experiment and the offspring are referred to as hybrids. Mendel wanted to carry out self-
fertilization, which means that the pollen and eggs are derived from the same plant. Cross-
fertilization requires that the pollen from one plant be placed on the stigma of another plant.
Mendel studied seven characteristics that bred true. Breeding true means that a trait
does not vary in appearance from generation to generation. A variety that continues to
produce the same trait after several generations of self-fertilization is called true-breeding
strain or true-breeding line.
2.2 Law of segregation
A cross in which an experimenter observes one character is called a single-factor cross. A
cross between two parents with different variants for a given character produces single-
character hybrids, also known as monohybrids. This type of experimental approach led
Mendel to propose the law of segregation.
- P generation = parental generation
- F1 generation = first filial generation
- F2 generation = second filial generation
Mendel's 3:1 ratio is consistent with the law of segregation. A gene is defined as a unit
of heredity that may influence the outcome of an organism's traits. The term allele refers to
an alternative form of a particular gene. Mendel's law of segregation:
The two copies of a gene segregate from each other during transmission from parent to
offspring.
When an individual has two identical copies of a gene, the individual is said to be
homozygous with respect to that gene. Heterozygous if every individual carries one copy of
the one allele and one copy of the other allele.
The term genotype refers to the genetic composition of an individual. The term phenotype
refers to observable traits of an organism.
A punnett square can be used to predict the outcome of crosses and self-fertilization
experiments.
1. Write down the genotypes of both parents.
2. Write down the possible gametes that each parent can make.
3. Create an empty punnett square
4. Fill in the possible genotypes of the offspring by combining the alleles of the gametes
in the empty boxes.
5. Determine the relative proportions of genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring.
2.3 Law of independent assortment
Mendel's two-factor crosses led to the law of independent assortment. Mendel's law of
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller sachajacobs. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $4.39. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
67232 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now