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NSG6020 WEEK 5 ABDOMEN STUDY GUIDE (LATEST-2020): SOUTH UNIVERSITY (UPGRADED AND PERFECT GUIDE, DOWNLOAD TO SCORE A) $10.49   Add to cart

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NSG6020 WEEK 5 ABDOMEN STUDY GUIDE (LATEST-2020): SOUTH UNIVERSITY (UPGRADED AND PERFECT GUIDE, DOWNLOAD TO SCORE A)

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NSG6020 WEEK 5 ABDOMEN STUDY GUIDE (LATEST-2020): SOUTH UNIVERSITY (UPGRADED AND PERFECT GUIDE, DOWNLOAD TO SCORE A)

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  • August 27, 2020
  • 16
  • 2020/2021
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NSG 6020 WEEK 5 ABDOMEN STUDY GUIDE



Four quadrants of the abdomen: right upper, right lower, left upper, and left
lower quadrants
Location dividing the abdomen into 4 sections: Umbilicus
The lower margin of the liver can be palpated at theright costal margin.
The Loweredge of the liver and the Right kidney are usually palpable.
What quadrant is the spleen palpable in?Left upper quadrant
TheAbdominal aortaoften has visible pulsations and is usually palpable in
the upper abdomen.
You can often feel the firm, narrow, tubular sigmoid colon in what
quadrant?Left Lower quadrant
Appendix & bowel loopsof RLQ are normally not palpable in healthy adults
Bladder distentionmay be palpable above the symphysis pubis.
Upper gastrointestinal symptomsmay include abdominal pain, heartburn,
nausea and vomiting, difficulty or pain with swallowing, vomiting of stomach
contents or blood, loss of appetite, and jaundice.
Three broad categories of pain: visceral, parietal, and referred.
Visceral pain occurs when hollow abdominal organs such as the intestine
or biliary tree contract unusually forcefully or are distended or stretched.
Visceral pain in the right upper quadrant may result fromliverdistention.
Visceral pain qualityvaries in quality and may be gnawing, burning,
cramping, or aching. When it becomes severe, it may be associated with
sweating, pallor, nausea, vomiting, and restlessness.

,Pain from pleurisy or inferior wall myocardial infarction may be referred
toepigastric area.
Pain of duodenal or pancreatic origin may be referred tothe back.
Pain from the biliary tree may refer toright shoulder or the right posterior
chest.
Characteristic of pain: Timing~chronic ~intermittent ~continuous
Doubling over with cramping colicky pain indicates:Renal Stone
Epigastric pain occurs with Gastritis&GERD.
Right upper quadrant and upper abdominal pain are common
in Cholecystitis.
Angina from inferior wall coronary artery disease may present as
indigestionbut is precipitated by exertion and relieved by rest.
Bloating may occur withinflammatory bowel disease.
Belching is caused by aerophagia or swallowing air.
Defined as a 3-month history of nonspecific upper abdominal discomfort or
nausea not attributable to structural abnormalities or peptic ulcer disease
are: functional, or nonulcer, dyspepsia
If patient complain of heartburn, acid reflux, regugitation for more than once
a week, they are likely to have?GERD until proven otherwise
Risk factors for GERD: reduced salivary flow which prolongs acid clearance
by damping action of bicarb, delayed gastric emptying, some meds, and
hiatal hernia
Heartburnis a rising retrosternal burning pain or discomfort occurring
weekly or more often. Heartburn is typically aggravated byfood.
Angina from the inferior wall coronary ischemia along the diaphragm may
present asheartburn.

, Atypical respiratory symptoms of GERD: coughing, wheezing, and
aspiration pneumonia.
GERD: alarm symptoms: Weight loss. Recurrent vomiting, Evidence of GI
bleeding or anemia, Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), and Odynophagia
(painful swallowing).
What GERD patients warrant endoscopy?Uncomplicated GERD non-
responsive to empiric therapy, alarm symptoms, and patients >55yo.
Acute appendicitis is right lower quadrant pain or pain that migrates from
the periumbilical region with abdominal wall rigidity on palpation.
In women, appendix area pain may indicatepelvic inflammatory disease,
ruptured ovarian follicle, and ectopic pregnancy.
Cramping pain radiating to the RLQ or LLQ may be arenal stone.

Left lower quadrant pain with a palpable mass may be:Diverticulitis

Diffuse abdominal pain with absent bowel sounds and firmness, guarding,
or rebound on palpation indicates: * Small or large bowel obstruction

Change in bowel habits with mass lesion indicates:Colon cancer

If patient complains of chronic pain in the lower quadrants ask aboutchange
in bowel habits and alternating diarrhea and constipation

Symptoms of IBS

 bloating
 fatigue
 abdominal pain
 diarrhea
 constipation

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