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Summary Water Supply and Waste Disposal
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In-depth notes explaining groundwater supply, Darcy's Law, problems with over extraction of groundwater, water quality and groundwater pollution, and waste disposal
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Water Supply and Waste DisposalGroundwater Supply
Water Table – the upper limit of the saturated zone
Aquifer – a unit of permeable rock that can yield
significant amount of water e.g. sandstone or limestone
• Permeable
• Porous
Aquiclude – a unit of low permeability that controls
water flow from aquifers e.g. shale or mudstone
Aquifuge (Aquitard) – An impermeable rock, no water is
absorbed or transmitted e.g. granite
Recharge Area – water gets into the aquifer from an area where the permeable rock is unconfined
Spring – where water flows from an aquifer to the earth's surface, where the water table meets the surface
Perched Aquifer – occurs above the main water table in the unsaturated zone, when there is an impermeable
layer of rock or sediment above the main water table/aquifer but below the surface of the land
Unconfined vs Confined Aquifers:
Unconfined Aquifer Confined Aquifer
Water will seep directly into an underlying unit of Water can’t seep directly into the unit of permeable
permeable rock near the surface rock because it is bound by two layers of
impermeable rock
Flowing Artesian Well
• Confined aquifers cause the ground water to have a high pore pressure
• This means the projected water table is higher than the land surface
• This causes the water to passively up-well, so there is no need for pumping
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