SURVEY OF WORLD HISTORY Task 3
A- 1- The origins of the crusades were when Seljuk Turks occupied Persia, ultimately occupied the Holy Land and Jerusalem. The Islamic world had divided into competing kingdoms. Many nomadic Muslims, newly converted united the Islamic world which weakened the Byzantin...
SURVEY OF WORLD HISTORY Task 3
A- 1- The origins of the crusades were when Seljuk Turks occupied Persia, ultimately
occupied the Holy Land and Jerusalem. The Islamic world had divided into competing
kingdoms. Many nomadic Muslims, newly converted united the Islamic world which
weakened the Byzantine Empire. Emperor Romanus IV led the Byzantine army to its
annihilation and the death of the emperor. This led to the Seljuks ultimately occupying
the Holy Land. They forbade the Christian pilgrims to travel to the holy land. Pope Urban
II he created an army whose mission was a Holy War, also known as the Crusades.
(Acrobatiq, 2017)
2- Greek Emperor Alexius I Comnenus approached the Pope Urban II to raise an army to
halt the Turks. The Pope held a council in France to take back the Holy Land. There was
three hundred attendees which included bishops, abbots, lords, and kings. Some of the
ways the Roman Catholic Church encouraged people to join the Crusades was by,
thoughts who died would for the quest would go directly to heaven. They were also
allowed to loot the places the invaded. (Acrobatiq, 2017)
B- 1- The methods used by the Umayyad and Abbasid dynasties to expand Islamic
civilization by doing the following: The Umayyad used a very skilled army to establish a
model province. As a sagacious businessman gave his assistants positions of power.
Bribery was the way he would get out of situations verses going to war. Establishing the
first Muslim navy was how he was able to defeat the Byzantines.
The Abbasid established political unity which help secure new routes from North Africa
to Iberian Peninsula, India, Armenia, Persia and Egypt. Opening these routes soon lead to
the Silk Road and on to China. Which ultimately lead to the South China Sea. (Acrobatiq,
2017)
2- The contrast in religious policies and political administration between the Umayyad
and Abbasid dynasties are: Umayyad considered non-Muslim as inferior and a tolerance
for Christianity and Judaism. Women also were able to hold a high status in society.
Abbasid Non-Arabic Muslims were able to have special privileges in the court. Non-
Muslim were converted to Islam. Women had lost their positions in society. (Hasa. 2017)
Upper society positions were held by the Arab Muslims, followed by the second-class
citizens the non-Arab Muslims or Mawali (that made up the majority of the population).
The third-class citizens, known as the Dhimmi or “the People of the Book”. Then came
the slaves and those captured in war the lower-class citizens. (Acrobatiq. 2017)
C- The Silk Road was the route for trade and link for many civilizations. Unfortunately,
along with these goods and social connections of both business and religious, came the
exchange of diseases. An example of the devastation was the second century plague that
affected both the Roman Empire as well as the Han Dynasty. An example of a
devastating disease was the Bubonic Plague. It originated in China and traveled with the
Chinese travelers and the Mongol warriors to northern China. It then via the Silk Road
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