Dit is een erg uitgebreide samenvatting van het vak Inleiding culturele Antropologie (ICA). Het bevat alle stof uit de hoorcolleges, werkgroepen, artikelen en een korte samenvatting van alle -ismes.
Leerdoelen
Het verkrijgen van een breed, maar ook grondig overzicht van de centrale begrippen,
theorieën en etnografische bronnen van de sociale en culturele antropologie. Na afronding van
dit onderdeel hebben de studenten inzicht in de wijze waarop in de antropologie culturele en
sociale vraagstukken worden bestudeerd en geanalyseerd
Centrale dingen:
‘Het hangt er van af’ (welke cultuur, tijdsperiode etc.)
Veel is etnocentrisch
Wees kritisch
Is de theorie tegenwoordig nog bruikbaar?
Inhoudsopgave
HC 1 Het wiel van cultuur......................................................................................................................................5
Antropologische ‘zonde’ en (schijn)‘heiligheid’..................................................................................................6
Emic en Etic.........................................................................................................................................................6
Universalisme en particularisme.........................................................................................................................7
Wat is Cultuur Erikson en Geertz........................................................................................................................7
Wat zijn de grenzen van cultuur?.........................................................................................................................7
HC 2 Individu en samenleving...............................................................................................................................8
Samenleving.........................................................................................................................................................8
Individu als concept is problematisch..................................................................................................................8
Individuen en dividuen.........................................................................................................................................8
Relatie individu en samenleving...........................................................................................................................9
Relatie tussen cultuur en samenleving.................................................................................................................9
Group en Grid Mary Douglas (1921-2007).........................................................................................................9
Status en Rollen....................................................................................................................................................9
Gemeinschaft en Gesellschaft..............................................................................................................................9
Action/agency.....................................................................................................................................................10
Impression management Goffman (1922-1982).................................................................................................10
Kritiek (onterecht)..............................................................................................................................................10
The self (verschillende situaties => verschillend gedrag).................................................................................10
Looking glass self...............................................................................................................................................10
HC 3 Social Class...................................................................................................................................................11
Relatie tussen zelf, samenleving en social structure..........................................................................................11
Duality of structure............................................................................................................................................11
Sociale stratificatie.............................................................................................................................................11
, Klasse.................................................................................................................................................................11
Pierre Bourdieu..................................................................................................................................................12
Intersectionaliteit Kimberlé Crenshaw..............................................................................................................12
HC 4 Economische relaties...................................................................................................................................12
Drie vormen van uitwisseling Marcel Mauss (1872-1950)................................................................................13
Bestaanswijzen (modes of subsistence)..............................................................................................................13
Jagers en verzamelaars..................................................................................................................................14
Tuinbouwers (Horticultralists).......................................................................................................................14
Landbouwers..................................................................................................................................................14
Pastoralisten...................................................................................................................................................14
Peasants..........................................................................................................................................................15
Industriële samenleving.................................................................................................................................15
Postindustriële smaneleving..........................................................................................................................15
Karl Polanyi (1886.............................................................................................................................................15
Formalistische benadering (formalisme)...........................................................................................................16
Substantivische benadering (substantivisme)....................................................................................................16
De vier sferen van Waarde (vrij naar Klamer 2000).........................................................................................16
HC.5 Verwandschap en huwelijk (Alliance theory)...........................................................................................17
Het incest taboe..................................................................................................................................................17
Van incest taboe naar reciprociteit (zusteruil => alliantiemodel)....................................................................17
Exogamie en Endogamie....................................................................................................................................18
Elementaire en complexe systemen van uitwisseling.........................................................................................18
Cross cousins en parallel cousins......................................................................................................................18
Lovedu Cross Cousin-huwelijk..........................................................................................................................19
Bruidsprijs (bride wealth)..................................................................................................................................19
Bruidsschat (Dowry)..........................................................................................................................................19
Huwelijkslokaliteit..............................................................................................................................................19
Huwelijksvormen................................................................................................................................................19
Complexe systemen in Nederland......................................................................................................................20
Sinds de jaren 70................................................................................................................................................20
Nieuwe verwandschapstermen...........................................................................................................................20
Symbolische verwantschap (classificatory kinship)...........................................................................................20
Symbolische verwandschapsterminologie..........................................................................................................20
HC 6 Verwandschap 2 Afstamming....................................................................................................................20
Waarom verwantschap?.....................................................................................................................................20
Twee vormen verwantschap...............................................................................................................................21
Definities kinship................................................................................................................................................21
Emic verwandschapsterminologie.....................................................................................................................21
Fictive kin...........................................................................................................................................................21
Nurture kinning..................................................................................................................................................22
Fioole (2017) ‘I’ll raise your child’: Moroccan practices of adoption.............................................................22
, Stam (2017) Rebuilding children’s social networks in the immediate aftermath of Haiti’s earthquake...........22
Galama (2017) ‘The NGOs are breaking down our system’: Vulnerable children, NGOs, and the
proliferation of orphanages in Ghana...............................................................................................................22
Bloed en Wet......................................................................................................................................................23
Unilineaire afstamming......................................................................................................................................23
Vergelijking bilateraal en unilineair..................................................................................................................24
Patrilineair.........................................................................................................................................................24
Matrilineair........................................................................................................................................................25
Het ideale huwelijk bij de Awlad ‘Ali................................................................................................................25
Afstammingsgroepen als Corporate groups.......................................................................................................25
Verwandschapstermen.......................................................................................................................................25
HC 7 Ras en racialisering.....................................................................................................................................27
AAA Statement on Race......................................................................................................................................27
Waarom is het begrip ‘ras’ misleidend?............................................................................................................27
Korte geschiedenis van het concept ‘ras’ in het Westerse denken.....................................................................28
Nieuwe vorm van racisme (tweede helft 19e eeuw)............................................................................................28
Racistische immigratiewetgeving in US.............................................................................................................29
Franz Boas (1858–1942)....................................................................................................................................29
Eugenetica..........................................................................................................................................................29
Taboe op ‘ras’: religie, klasse, of cultuur als proxy voor ‘ras’.........................................................................29
Hedendaags racisme..........................................................................................................................................30
Racialisering......................................................................................................................................................30
Wanneer ben je zwart of wit...............................................................................................................................30
Erfelijkheid van intelligentie..............................................................................................................................30
‘Ras’ een sociale constructie.............................................................................................................................31
HC 8 Symbolen en rituelen...................................................................................................................................31
Wat doen Rituelen..............................................................................................................................................31
Wat is een ritueel (geen definitie)......................................................................................................................31
Typen rituelen.....................................................................................................................................................32
Wiel van cultuur rituelen....................................................................................................................................32
Rites-of passage.................................................................................................................................................32
Hoedje van Van Gennep.....................................................................................................................................32
Victior Turner (1920-1983)................................................................................................................................33
Interpretatieve (symbolische Antropologie).......................................................................................................33
Systemen van symbolen......................................................................................................................................33
Interpretatie van symbolen.................................................................................................................................34
HC 9 Gender..........................................................................................................................................................34
Feministische antropologie................................................................................................................................34
Sekse/ Gender.....................................................................................................................................................34
, Sherry Ortner (1941-) Is female to male as nature is to culture?......................................................................34
Nature/ Nurture debat........................................................................................................................................35
Michelle Rosaldo (1944-1981) Publiek en Privé domein..................................................................................36
Intersectionaliteit Kimberlé Crenshaw..............................................................................................................36
Henrietta Moore (1957-) Niet tussen maar binnen............................................................................................36
Voorbeelden Antropologen slachtoffer seksisme...............................................................................................37
Gay Studies (VS, 1960er) Homostudies (NL,1978)............................................................................................37
Feminisme overbodig?.......................................................................................................................................37
Queer Studies.....................................................................................................................................................38
Gender is performance.......................................................................................................................................38
HC 10 Politics and Power.....................................................................................................................................38
Waarom classificatie..........................................................................................................................................38
Wat is politics.....................................................................................................................................................38
Max Weber en macht..........................................................................................................................................39
Erikson en macht................................................................................................................................................39
Big Men van de Solomon Eilanden....................................................................................................................39
Nederland en macht...........................................................................................................................................39
Nuer....................................................................................................................................................................39
Machtsstructuren en denkstructuren..................................................................................................................40
Van dwang naar internalisering & hoe krijg je macht......................................................................................40
Denkstructuren en verzet (Marx, Gramsci, Scott).............................................................................................41
Hoe komt verzet tot stand?.................................................................................................................................41
Simon Kimbangu (2887 -1951) Kimbanguïstische kerk.....................................................................................41
Dominante macht denkstructuur VS (rassensegregatie)....................................................................................41
Verschilleden theoretische perspectieven van macht.........................................................................................42
Macht en Emotie................................................................................................................................................43
Waarom zijn machtsstructuren soms stabiel, soms fragiel/dynamisch..............................................................43
HC 11 Functionalisme en Transactionalisme.....................................................................................................44
Functionalisme...................................................................................................................................................44
Ontstaanscontext Functionalisme......................................................................................................................44
Bronislaw Malinowski........................................................................................................................................45
Problem of translation.......................................................................................................................................46
Bio-psychologisch functionalisme......................................................................................................................46
Grondleggers Structureel functionalsme...........................................................................................................46
Radcliff Brown...................................................................................................................................................46
Hortense Powdermaker over Radcliff Brown....................................................................................................47
Structureel functionalsme...................................................................................................................................47
Ontstaanscontext structureel functionalisme/ koloniale politiek.......................................................................47
Grondleggers Transactionalisme.......................................................................................................................48
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