, 2.3. Toepassingsgebied......................................................................................................................................26
2.4. Het onderzoek naar de feiten en de afhandeling op het niveau van het OM.............................................28
2.4.1. De fase van de voorbereidende rechtspleging bij de Jeugdrechter.....................................................28
2.5. Rechtspleging ten gronde bij de rechtbank.................................................................................................29
2.6. Uithandengeving.........................................................................................................................................30
2.7. Gemeenschapsinstellingen en Vlaamse Detentiecentra.............................................................................30
3. Straffen in vogelvlucht............................................................................................................................. 31
3.1. Strafrechtsbedeling SRB..............................................................................................................................31
3.1.1. Strafwet – gedragingen........................................................................................................................31
3.1.2. Opsporing.............................................................................................................................................32
3.1.3. Vervolging.............................................................................................................................................32
3.1.4. Straftoemeting......................................................................................................................................33
3.1.4.1. Veiligheidsmaatregel: internering................................................................................................34
3.1.5. Strafuitvoering......................................................................................................................................35
3.1.5.1. Detentie.........................................................................................................................................35
3.1.5.2. Niet-detentie.................................................................................................................................35
3.1.6. Ter afsluiting.........................................................................................................................................36
3.2. Beleving van straffen...................................................................................................................................36
3.2.1. Pains of imprisonment.........................................................................................................................36
3.2.1.1. Fase en duur detentie...................................................................................................................37
3.2.1.2. Specifieke populaties....................................................................................................................38
3.2.2. Pains of ASM.........................................................................................................................................38
3.2.2.1. Pains of freedom...........................................................................................................................38
3.2.2.2. Pains of electronic monitoring......................................................................................................38
3.2.2.3. Pains of probation.........................................................................................................................38
3.2.3. Pains of internement............................................................................................................................39
3.2.4. Ter afsluiting.........................................................................................................................................39
3.3. Rol van de professional................................................................................................................................39
3.3.1. Dubbele rol...........................................................................................................................................39
3.3.2. Een humane aanpak.............................................................................................................................39
3.3.2.1. Context – klimaat..........................................................................................................................40
3.3.2.2. Proces............................................................................................................................................40
3.3.2.3. Inhoud...........................................................................................................................................40
3.3.3. Ter afsluiting.........................................................................................................................................40
4. De gemeenschapsinstelling...................................................................................................................... 42
4.1. Situering: GI binnen agentschap Opgroeien................................................................................................42
4.2. Modules: oriëntatie, begeleiding 3-6-9, begeleiding 2-5-7, UHG, TO.........................................................43
4.2.1. Oriëntatie..............................................................................................................................................44
4.2.2. Begeleiding (3-6-9)...............................................................................................................................44
4.2.3. Begeleiding (2-5-7)...............................................................................................................................45
4.2.4. Herstelgerichte Time – out...................................................................................................................46
4.3. Onderwijs binnen de GI................................................................................................................................47
4.4. Personeel in de GI........................................................................................................................................47
4.4.1. Lokaal....................................................................................................................................................47
4.4.2. Centraal................................................................................................................................................48
4.4.3. Partners van de GI................................................................................................................................49
4.5. Jongere in de GI: traject van de jongere (De Zande)...................................................................................49
4.5.1. Opstart..................................................................................................................................................49
4.5.2. Leefgroepwerking.................................................................................................................................50
2
, 4.5.3. Individueel handelingsplan...................................................................................................................50
4.5.4. Uitvoering handelingsplan....................................................................................................................51
4.6. Toezicht, inspectie en klachten....................................................................................................................52
4.7. Enkele bijzonderheden van de Gi.................................................................................................................52
4.7.1. Belmomenten.......................................................................................................................................52
4.7.2. GIB werking...........................................................................................................................................52
4.7.3. Ontvluchting.........................................................................................................................................52
4.7.4. Gedeelde trajecten...............................................................................................................................52
4.7.5. Complexe casussen...............................................................................................................................53
4.7.6. Afzondering..........................................................................................................................................53
4.7.7. Extramurale activiteiten.......................................................................................................................53
4.7.8. Bezoek..................................................................................................................................................53
5. Forensisch psychiatrische centra in Vlaanderen (FPC)...............................................................................54
5.1. Situering van de FPC’s binnen het forensisch welzijnswerk.........................................................................54
5.2. Internering toegelicht..................................................................................................................................55
5.2.1. Interneringswet (Wetgeving)...............................................................................................................55
5.2.1.1. De acutele interneringswet...........................................................................................................55
5.2.1.2. Wanneer wordt iemand geïntereneerd?......................................................................................57
5.2.2. Differentiatie met Gedwongen Opname/collocatie.............................................................................57
5.2.3. Masterplan Internering (Beleid)...........................................................................................................57
5.3. Forensisch psychiatrische centra in Vlaanderen (Focus FPC Gent).............................................................58
5.3.1. Missie en visie FPC Gent.......................................................................................................................59
5.3.2. Leefgroepwerking.................................................................................................................................60
5.3.2.1. Opname/oriëntatie – Zeer Intensieve Zorg (ZIZ) – Rivier (blauw) – links.....................................61
5.3.2.2. Stappenplan vrijheidsbeperkende maatregelen..........................................................................62
5.3.2.3. Behandeling – Stad (geel) – rechts...............................................................................................63
5.3.2.4. Resocialisatie – Haven (oranje) – rechtsachter.............................................................................63
5.3.2.5. Re-integratie – Park (groen) – linksachter....................................................................................64
5.3.3. Centrale aanbod in FPC........................................................................................................................64
5.3.4. Behandeling..........................................................................................................................................65
5.3.4.1. Fundamentele concepten.............................................................................................................66
5.3.4.2. Basisdiagnostiek............................................................................................................................66
5.3.4.3. Patiëntenprofelen.........................................................................................................................66
5.3.4.4. Team behandelaanbod.................................................................................................................67
5.3.4.5. Modulesysteem.............................................................................................................................67
5.3.4.6. Aanvang therapie..........................................................................................................................67
5.3.4.7. Verbale vs. pre-verbale therapei..................................................................................................68
5.3.4.8. Overige diensten...........................................................................................................................69
5.3.5. Wat na FPC?..........................................................................................................................................69
5.4. Orthopedagogiek binnen FPC Gent.............................................................................................................70
6. Kenmerken van jongeren......................................................................................................................... 72
6.1. Kindkenmerken (in GI).................................................................................................................................72
6.1.1. Psychische problemen..........................................................................................................................72
6.1.2. Persoonlijkheid.....................................................................................................................................74
6.1.2.1. Focus CD (gedragsstoornis)...........................................................................................................75
6.1.2.2. Focus – PP10 onderzoek...............................................................................................................76
6.1.3. Onderwijs..............................................................................................................................................76
6.2. Adverse childhood expierences – cluster van omgevingskenmerken..........................................................77
6.2.1. Slachtoffers...........................................................................................................................................77
6.2.2. Familie & omgeving..............................................................................................................................78
6.3. Kenmerken & interventies...........................................................................................................................78
3
, 6.4. Belang van psychometrie?...........................................................................................................................78
7. Internering: Desistance, herstel en familie................................................................................................80
GOA-onderzoek...................................................................................................................................................80
7.1. Procedurele rechtvaardigheid (Les Ciska Wittouck)....................................................................................80
7.2. Desistance (onderzoek dr. Sofie van Roeyen)..............................................................................................80
7.3. Herstel (onderzoek dr. Natalie Aga)............................................................................................................81
7.3.1. Situering................................................................................................................................................81
7.3.2. Waarom dit onderzoek?.......................................................................................................................82
7.3.3. Methodologie 4de pijler.........................................................................................................................83
7.3.4. Connectedness – emotional.................................................................................................................83
7.3.5. Connectedness – functional.................................................................................................................84
7.3.6. Connectedness – personal...................................................................................................................84
7.3.7. Discussie...............................................................................................................................................85
7.4. Familie (onderzoek dr. Sara Rowaert).........................................................................................................86
7.4.1. Familie van geïnterneerden: achtergrond...........................................................................................87
7.4.2. Familieherstel.......................................................................................................................................87
7.4.3. Ervaringen.............................................................................................................................................87
Citaten – gevangenis..................................................................................................................................87
Beleving gevangenis – familie....................................................................................................................88
Omgaan met psychische problemen en internering naaste......................................................................88
Semigestructureerde interviews (2018)....................................................................................................89
Ervaringen interneringsmaatregel.............................................................................................................89
Verslagen....................................................................................................................................................89
7.4.4. Betrokkenheid en contact....................................................................................................................90
GG – Betrokkenheid en informatie............................................................................................................90
GG – Transities tussen zorginstellingen.....................................................................................................90
7.4.5. Ondersteunen en informeren..............................................................................................................91
Familieondersteunende groepen...............................................................................................................91
Protocol......................................................................................................................................................91
Resultaten..................................................................................................................................................92
7.5. Aanbevelingen GOA-onderzoek...................................................................................................................93
8. Het Good Lives Model.............................................................................................................................. 95
8.1. Over RNR.....................................................................................................................................................95
8.2. Good Lives Model........................................................................................................................................96
8.2.1. Uitgangspunten....................................................................................................................................97
8.2.2. Algemene achtergronden.....................................................................................................................97
Primary Goods............................................................................................................................................98
Secondary Goods.......................................................................................................................................98
8.2.3. Etiologisch model.................................................................................................................................98
8.2.4. 4 problemen rond levensstijl en levensplan......................................................................................100
Capacity....................................................................................................................................................100
Scope........................................................................................................................................................100
Means.......................................................................................................................................................100
Coherence................................................................................................................................................100
8.2.5. Etiologisch model...............................................................................................................................101
8.2.6. Praktische implicaties.........................................................................................................................101
8.2.7. Behandelprogramma..........................................................................................................................101
8.2.8. Conclusies rond praktische implicaties..............................................................................................101
8.2.9. Empirische evidentie..........................................................................................................................101
8.3. GLM in de praktijk......................................................................................................................................102
8.3.1. 4 Fasen................................................................................................................................................102
4
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