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Samenvatting Politicologie
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SAMENVATTING POLITICOLOGIEInhoudsopgave
HOOFDSTUK 1: Wat is politiek?............................................................................ 14
1 Inleiding............................................................................................................. 14
2 Wat is politiek?.................................................................................................. 14
2.1 Oorsprong begrip........................................................................................ 14
2.2 Politiek & territorium................................................................................... 15
2.3 Van nachtwaker naar nanny........................................................................15
3 Geschiedenis..................................................................................................... 15
4 Indelingen.......................................................................................................... 16
5 Relativiteit indelingen: Schmitt & Easton..........................................................17
5.1 Carl Schmitt................................................................................................. 17
5.2 David Easton............................................................................................... 18
5.3 Syntheseomschrijving................................................................................. 19
5.4 Politiek & conflicten..................................................................................... 19
HOOFDSTUK 2: Wetenschap der politiek..............................................................21
1 Inleiding............................................................................................................. 21
6 Wetenschappelijke studie.................................................................................. 22
6.1 Politieke wetenschappen, een wetenschap?...............................................22
6.1.1 NK......................................................................................................... 22
6.1.2 Ideaalbeeld van wetenschap.................................................................22
6.2 Politicoloog & objectiviteit...........................................................................23
6.3 Discipline met taalproblemen......................................................................23
7 Benaderingen in de wetenschap.......................................................................24
7.1 NK................................................................................................................ 24
7.2 Behavioralisme............................................................................................ 24
7.3 Institutionalisme.......................................................................................... 25
7.3.1 Oude versie........................................................................................... 25
7.3.2 Nieuwe versie........................................................................................ 25
, 7.3.3 Verschil oud & nieuw............................................................................. 25
7.4 Rationele-keuzebenaderingen.....................................................................26
7.4.1 Eigenbelang & rationeel handelen........................................................26
7.4.2 Uitgangspunten..................................................................................... 26
7.4.3 Speltheorie............................................................................................ 27
7.4.4 Olsons theorie van collectief handelen.................................................27
7.4.5 Theorieën over coalitie- & regeringsvorming........................................28
7.5 Systeembenaderingen................................................................................ 29
7.6 Interpretatieve & constructivistische benadering........................................29
7.7 Structurele (functionalistische) benadering.................................................30
7.7.1 (structureel) functionalisme..................................................................30
7.7.2 Structuren & functies............................................................................ 31
7.8 Marxisme..................................................................................................... 32
7.8.1 Uitgangspunten..................................................................................... 32
7.8.2 Betekenis.............................................................................................. 32
HOOFDSTUK 3: Ideologieën.................................................................................. 32
2 Oud, felbediscussieerd concept.........................................................................32
7.9 Geschiedenis concept ideologie..................................................................32
8 Wat is ideologie................................................................................................. 33
9 Morfologie van ideologieën................................................................................ 34
10 Links & rechts: gps in politiek..........................................................................34
10.1 Oorsprong................................................................................................. 34
10.2 Relevantie................................................................................................. 34
10.3 Ontdubbeling............................................................................................. 35
11 Beknopt overzicht............................................................................................ 35
11.1 Inleiding..................................................................................................... 35
11.2 Liberalisme................................................................................................ 36
11.3 Conservatisme.......................................................................................... 37
11.3.1 Basispunten........................................................................................ 37
, 11.3.2 Christendemocratie: personalisme......................................................39
11.4 Socialisme................................................................................................. 39
11.5 Nationalisme............................................................................................. 41
11.6 Ecologisme................................................................................................ 42
12 Toekomst ideologieën?.................................................................................... 43
12.1 Het einde?................................................................................................. 43
12.2 Populisme?................................................................................................ 43
13 Uitleiding......................................................................................................... 43
HOOFDSTUK 4: Macht........................................................................................... 44
1 Inleiding............................................................................................................. 44
14 Wat is macht?.................................................................................................. 46
14.1 Bestanddelen: visie Dennis Wrong............................................................47
15 Vormen............................................................................................................ 48
16 Bronnen........................................................................................................... 48
17 Dimensies........................................................................................................ 49
18 Potentiële, “onzichtbare” macht......................................................................50
19 NK.................................................................................................................... 51
20 Hoe macht meten?.......................................................................................... 51
21 Uitleiding......................................................................................................... 52
HOOFDSTUK 5: Macht in weinig handen...............................................................53
1 Inleiding............................................................................................................. 53
21.1 NK.............................................................................................................. 53
21.2 NK.............................................................................................................. 53
21.3 Elitair politiek systeem.............................................................................. 53
22 Elite: oorsprong, beschrijving, criteria.............................................................53
22.1 NK.............................................................................................................. 53
22.2 Beschrijving............................................................................................... 53
22.3 Criteria...................................................................................................... 54
22.4 Veel onderzoek, minder theorie................................................................54
,23 “Rule by all”, “rule by many” of “rule by happy few”......................................54
23.1 NK.............................................................................................................. 54
23.2 Pluralisme.................................................................................................. 54
23.2.1 Pluralisme= antitheorie.......................................................................55
23.2.2 Elite & overheid in pluralisme.............................................................55
23.2.3 Roots pluralisme................................................................................. 55
23.2.4 Dagelijks taalgebruik...........................................................................56
23.3 Elitisme..................................................................................................... 56
23.4 (Neo)corporatisme.................................................................................... 57
24 NK.................................................................................................................... 60
25 Procesbenadering van politieke rekrutering....................................................60
26 Centrale elementen politieke rekruteringsproces............................................61
26.1 NK.............................................................................................................. 61
26.2 NK.............................................................................................................. 61
26.3 Kandidatenselectie.................................................................................... 61
27 NK.................................................................................................................... 62
28 Uitleiding......................................................................................................... 62
HOOFDSTUK 6: Macht in veel handen..................................................................62
1 Inleiding............................................................................................................. 62
29 Politieke cultuur............................................................................................... 62
29.1 Belang van waarden.................................................................................. 62
29.2 Wat is “politieke cultuur”?.........................................................................63
29.3 Civic culture.............................................................................................. 63
29.4 Subculturen & breuklijnen.........................................................................66
30 Politieke socialisatie........................................................................................ 68
30.1 Mensen zijn geen computers.....................................................................68
30.2 Wat is politieke socialisatie?......................................................................68
31 Politieke participatie........................................................................................ 69
31.1 Inleiding..................................................................................................... 69
, 31.2 Verschillende benaderingen & evolutie concept.......................................69
31.3 Vormen van politieke participatie.............................................................70
31.4 NK.............................................................................................................. 70
31.5 Stemgedrag............................................................................................... 70
32 Sociale bewegingen......................................................................................... 72
32.1 Inleiding..................................................................................................... 72
32.2 Begripsafbakening..................................................................................... 73
32.3 NK.............................................................................................................. 73
32.4 Toekomst van nieuwe bewegingen...........................................................73
33 Uitleiding......................................................................................................... 74
HOOFDSTUK 7: politieke partijen..........................................................................75
1 Inleiding............................................................................................................. 75
34 Ontstaan politieke partijen.............................................................................. 76
34.1 Institutionele benadering..........................................................................76
34.2 Traditioneel breuklijnenmodel...................................................................77
34.3 Nieuwe breuklijnen.................................................................................... 79
35 Typologieën van partijen................................................................................. 79
35.1 Kaderpartijen VS massapartijen................................................................80
35.2 Catch-all party........................................................................................... 81
35.3 Massabureaucratische VS electoraal-professionele partijen......................82
35.4 Cartel parties............................................................................................. 82
35.5 Business-firm parties................................................................................. 82
35.6 Partijtypes in meerlagigheid: franchise & stratarchie................................83
36 Functies & disfuncties van partijen..................................................................83
36.1 Programmatische partijfuncties................................................................84
36.2 Positionele partijfuncties...........................................................................84
36.3 Civiele functies.......................................................................................... 85
36.4 Disfuncties van partijen............................................................................. 86
36.5 Particratie.................................................................................................. 86
, 36.6 Functieverlies partijen............................................................................... 86
37 Partijorganisatie.............................................................................................. 87
38 Partijsystemen................................................................................................. 87
38.1 Omschrijving & indelingen........................................................................87
38.2 Indeling volgens aantal partijen................................................................87
38.3 Indeling van Sartori................................................................................... 89
39 Uitleiding......................................................................................................... 90
HOOFDSTUK 8: Staat & parlement.......................................................................91
1 Inleiding............................................................................................................. 91
40 De staat........................................................................................................... 91
40.1 Wat is een staat?....................................................................................... 91
40.1.1 Enkele definities.................................................................................. 91
40.1.2 Bestanddelen...................................................................................... 91
40.2 Begrippen die aanleunen bij de staat........................................................92
40.3 Staat & burgers......................................................................................... 93
41 Typologieën van politieke stelsels...................................................................94
41.1 NK.............................................................................................................. 94
41.2 NK.............................................................................................................. 94
41.3 Unitaire VS (con)federale staten...............................................................94
41.3.1 Unitaire staten.................................................................................... 94
41.3.2 Federale staten................................................................................... 94
42 Parlementen.................................................................................................... 97
42.1 Wat is een parlement?.............................................................................. 97
42.2 Functies..................................................................................................... 98
42.2.1 Wetgeving:.......................................................................................... 98
42.2.2 Controle.............................................................................................. 98
42.3 Structurele kenmerken.............................................................................. 98
42.3.1 Unicamerale & bicamerale parlementen.............................................98
42.3.2 Duur & samenstelling..........................................................................99
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