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Samenvatting Politicologie

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Samenvatting van de cursus en eigen notities gebundeld. Ikzelf ben geslaagd met een 11/20 voor dit vak o.b.v. mijn samenvatting

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  • September 23, 2020
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  • 2019/2020
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SAMENVATTING POLITICOLOGIE

Inhoudsopgave
HOOFDSTUK 1: Wat is politiek?............................................................................ 14

1 Inleiding............................................................................................................. 14

2 Wat is politiek?.................................................................................................. 14

2.1 Oorsprong begrip........................................................................................ 14

2.2 Politiek & territorium................................................................................... 15

2.3 Van nachtwaker naar nanny........................................................................15

3 Geschiedenis..................................................................................................... 15

4 Indelingen.......................................................................................................... 16

5 Relativiteit indelingen: Schmitt & Easton..........................................................17

5.1 Carl Schmitt................................................................................................. 17

5.2 David Easton............................................................................................... 18

5.3 Syntheseomschrijving................................................................................. 19

5.4 Politiek & conflicten..................................................................................... 19

HOOFDSTUK 2: Wetenschap der politiek..............................................................21

1 Inleiding............................................................................................................. 21

6 Wetenschappelijke studie.................................................................................. 22

6.1 Politieke wetenschappen, een wetenschap?...............................................22

6.1.1 NK......................................................................................................... 22

6.1.2 Ideaalbeeld van wetenschap.................................................................22

6.2 Politicoloog & objectiviteit...........................................................................23

6.3 Discipline met taalproblemen......................................................................23

7 Benaderingen in de wetenschap.......................................................................24

7.1 NK................................................................................................................ 24

7.2 Behavioralisme............................................................................................ 24

7.3 Institutionalisme.......................................................................................... 25

7.3.1 Oude versie........................................................................................... 25

7.3.2 Nieuwe versie........................................................................................ 25

, 7.3.3 Verschil oud & nieuw............................................................................. 25

7.4 Rationele-keuzebenaderingen.....................................................................26

7.4.1 Eigenbelang & rationeel handelen........................................................26

7.4.2 Uitgangspunten..................................................................................... 26

7.4.3 Speltheorie............................................................................................ 27

7.4.4 Olsons theorie van collectief handelen.................................................27

7.4.5 Theorieën over coalitie- & regeringsvorming........................................28

7.5 Systeembenaderingen................................................................................ 29

7.6 Interpretatieve & constructivistische benadering........................................29

7.7 Structurele (functionalistische) benadering.................................................30

7.7.1 (structureel) functionalisme..................................................................30

7.7.2 Structuren & functies............................................................................ 31

7.8 Marxisme..................................................................................................... 32

7.8.1 Uitgangspunten..................................................................................... 32

7.8.2 Betekenis.............................................................................................. 32

HOOFDSTUK 3: Ideologieën.................................................................................. 32

2 Oud, felbediscussieerd concept.........................................................................32

7.9 Geschiedenis concept ideologie..................................................................32

8 Wat is ideologie................................................................................................. 33

9 Morfologie van ideologieën................................................................................ 34

10 Links & rechts: gps in politiek..........................................................................34

10.1 Oorsprong................................................................................................. 34

10.2 Relevantie................................................................................................. 34

10.3 Ontdubbeling............................................................................................. 35

11 Beknopt overzicht............................................................................................ 35

11.1 Inleiding..................................................................................................... 35

11.2 Liberalisme................................................................................................ 36

11.3 Conservatisme.......................................................................................... 37

11.3.1 Basispunten........................................................................................ 37

, 11.3.2 Christendemocratie: personalisme......................................................39

11.4 Socialisme................................................................................................. 39

11.5 Nationalisme............................................................................................. 41

11.6 Ecologisme................................................................................................ 42

12 Toekomst ideologieën?.................................................................................... 43

12.1 Het einde?................................................................................................. 43

12.2 Populisme?................................................................................................ 43

13 Uitleiding......................................................................................................... 43

HOOFDSTUK 4: Macht........................................................................................... 44

1 Inleiding............................................................................................................. 44

14 Wat is macht?.................................................................................................. 46

14.1 Bestanddelen: visie Dennis Wrong............................................................47

15 Vormen............................................................................................................ 48

16 Bronnen........................................................................................................... 48

17 Dimensies........................................................................................................ 49

18 Potentiële, “onzichtbare” macht......................................................................50

19 NK.................................................................................................................... 51

20 Hoe macht meten?.......................................................................................... 51

21 Uitleiding......................................................................................................... 52

HOOFDSTUK 5: Macht in weinig handen...............................................................53

1 Inleiding............................................................................................................. 53

21.1 NK.............................................................................................................. 53

21.2 NK.............................................................................................................. 53

21.3 Elitair politiek systeem.............................................................................. 53

22 Elite: oorsprong, beschrijving, criteria.............................................................53

22.1 NK.............................................................................................................. 53

22.2 Beschrijving............................................................................................... 53

22.3 Criteria...................................................................................................... 54

22.4 Veel onderzoek, minder theorie................................................................54

,23 “Rule by all”, “rule by many” of “rule by happy few”......................................54

23.1 NK.............................................................................................................. 54

23.2 Pluralisme.................................................................................................. 54

23.2.1 Pluralisme= antitheorie.......................................................................55

23.2.2 Elite & overheid in pluralisme.............................................................55

23.2.3 Roots pluralisme................................................................................. 55

23.2.4 Dagelijks taalgebruik...........................................................................56

23.3 Elitisme..................................................................................................... 56

23.4 (Neo)corporatisme.................................................................................... 57

24 NK.................................................................................................................... 60

25 Procesbenadering van politieke rekrutering....................................................60

26 Centrale elementen politieke rekruteringsproces............................................61

26.1 NK.............................................................................................................. 61

26.2 NK.............................................................................................................. 61

26.3 Kandidatenselectie.................................................................................... 61

27 NK.................................................................................................................... 62

28 Uitleiding......................................................................................................... 62

HOOFDSTUK 6: Macht in veel handen..................................................................62

1 Inleiding............................................................................................................. 62

29 Politieke cultuur............................................................................................... 62

29.1 Belang van waarden.................................................................................. 62

29.2 Wat is “politieke cultuur”?.........................................................................63

29.3 Civic culture.............................................................................................. 63

29.4 Subculturen & breuklijnen.........................................................................66

30 Politieke socialisatie........................................................................................ 68

30.1 Mensen zijn geen computers.....................................................................68

30.2 Wat is politieke socialisatie?......................................................................68

31 Politieke participatie........................................................................................ 69

31.1 Inleiding..................................................................................................... 69

, 31.2 Verschillende benaderingen & evolutie concept.......................................69

31.3 Vormen van politieke participatie.............................................................70

31.4 NK.............................................................................................................. 70

31.5 Stemgedrag............................................................................................... 70

32 Sociale bewegingen......................................................................................... 72

32.1 Inleiding..................................................................................................... 72

32.2 Begripsafbakening..................................................................................... 73

32.3 NK.............................................................................................................. 73

32.4 Toekomst van nieuwe bewegingen...........................................................73

33 Uitleiding......................................................................................................... 74

HOOFDSTUK 7: politieke partijen..........................................................................75

1 Inleiding............................................................................................................. 75

34 Ontstaan politieke partijen.............................................................................. 76

34.1 Institutionele benadering..........................................................................76

34.2 Traditioneel breuklijnenmodel...................................................................77

34.3 Nieuwe breuklijnen.................................................................................... 79

35 Typologieën van partijen................................................................................. 79

35.1 Kaderpartijen VS massapartijen................................................................80

35.2 Catch-all party........................................................................................... 81

35.3 Massabureaucratische VS electoraal-professionele partijen......................82

35.4 Cartel parties............................................................................................. 82

35.5 Business-firm parties................................................................................. 82

35.6 Partijtypes in meerlagigheid: franchise & stratarchie................................83

36 Functies & disfuncties van partijen..................................................................83

36.1 Programmatische partijfuncties................................................................84

36.2 Positionele partijfuncties...........................................................................84

36.3 Civiele functies.......................................................................................... 85

36.4 Disfuncties van partijen............................................................................. 86

36.5 Particratie.................................................................................................. 86

, 36.6 Functieverlies partijen............................................................................... 86

37 Partijorganisatie.............................................................................................. 87

38 Partijsystemen................................................................................................. 87

38.1 Omschrijving & indelingen........................................................................87

38.2 Indeling volgens aantal partijen................................................................87

38.3 Indeling van Sartori................................................................................... 89

39 Uitleiding......................................................................................................... 90

HOOFDSTUK 8: Staat & parlement.......................................................................91

1 Inleiding............................................................................................................. 91

40 De staat........................................................................................................... 91

40.1 Wat is een staat?....................................................................................... 91

40.1.1 Enkele definities.................................................................................. 91

40.1.2 Bestanddelen...................................................................................... 91

40.2 Begrippen die aanleunen bij de staat........................................................92

40.3 Staat & burgers......................................................................................... 93

41 Typologieën van politieke stelsels...................................................................94

41.1 NK.............................................................................................................. 94

41.2 NK.............................................................................................................. 94

41.3 Unitaire VS (con)federale staten...............................................................94

41.3.1 Unitaire staten.................................................................................... 94

41.3.2 Federale staten................................................................................... 94

42 Parlementen.................................................................................................... 97

42.1 Wat is een parlement?.............................................................................. 97

42.2 Functies..................................................................................................... 98

42.2.1 Wetgeving:.......................................................................................... 98

42.2.2 Controle.............................................................................................. 98

42.3 Structurele kenmerken.............................................................................. 98

42.3.1 Unicamerale & bicamerale parlementen.............................................98

42.3.2 Duur & samenstelling..........................................................................99

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